パブリック・アクセス : ジョージ・ストーニーの見解 ラルフ・エンゲルマン＊『アメリカの公共放送─政治史』第１１章

departmental bulletin pape

Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B̅ 0→D0π0

journal articl

Cylinder to Cylinder Deviations in Combustion and Emission at Idling in DI Diesel Engines with Pilot Injection

Pilot injection in DI Diesel Engines is a very effective method reducing nitrogen oxides and noise. However the injection behavior of small quantities of pilot fuel is unstable，and the cylinder-to-cylinder deviations in injection mass and spray development occur in multi-cylinder direct injection diesel engines.　This study investigates the correlation between cylinder-to-cylinder deviations in spray development and combustion and emissions when the pilot injection was applied at idling. It was found that the cylinder-to-cylinder deviations in spray behavior are not the sole reason for the deviations in combustion and emission, but that peculiar conditions to a cylinder such as air movement and in-cylinder carbon deposits also play a role.　In this study the HC components in the exhaust gas with and without pilot injection was investigated, and it is shown that deviations in combustion with pilot injection result in deviations in low carbon component emissions and in the rate of pressure rise which is responsible for exhaust odor and engine noise.application/pdfjournal articl

日本におけるウエクスラー知能検査(WAIS-Ⅲ)の改訂:山中克夫へのインタビューから

departmental bulletin pape

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Amorphous Rare Earth-Transition Metal Films

application/pdfExperimental studies on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous TbCo prepared by rf sputtering have been carried out and the results obtained have been compared with those in other amorphous rare earth-transition metal films. it has been found that the perpendicular anisotropy of TbCo films greatly depends on a negative bias voltage applied to the substrate during sputtering. Because of their large magnetostriction, the anisotropy results from the planar stress due to the substrate constraint occupies considerably part in the whole perpendicular anisotropy in TbCo films. Annealing for one hour at 300℃ destroys the perpendicular anisotropy almost completely. Magnetostriction plays an important role in the magnetization process in amorphous films without crystalline anisotropy. However, few studies have been done on magnetostriction in amorphous films. Therefore, a cantilever capacitance apparatus has been set up for measuring the magnetostriction constant. It has been found that using a standard Fe0.4Ni0.60 film for calibration, this apparatus is accurate enough and very useful.departmental bulletin pape

研究速報 : 土壌水分試験結果を用いた不飽和透水性の推定

departmental bulletin pape

Image_1_Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Consequences of Cell-Type Specific Loss of Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex.TIF

Developmental dysregulation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) alters neuronal migration, differentiation, and behavior and contributes to the psychopathology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The current study is aimed at identifying how cell-specific loss of D2Rs in the cerebral cortex may impact neurobehavioral and cellular development, in order to better understand the roles of this receptor in cortical circuit formation and brain disorders. We deleted D2R from developing cortical GABAergic interneurons (Nkx2.1-Cre) or from developing telencephalic glutamatergic neurons (Emx1-Cre). Conditional knockouts (cKO) from both lines, Drd2fl/fl, Nkx2.1-Cre+ (referred to as GABA-D2R-cKO mice) or Drd2fl/fl, Emx1-Cre+ (referred to as Glu-D2R-cKO mice), exhibited no differences in simple tests of anxiety-related or depression-related behaviors, or spatial or nonspatial working memory. Both GABA-D2R-cKO and Glu-D2R-cKO mice also had normal basal locomotor activity, but GABA-D2R-cKO mice expressed blunted locomotor responses to the psychotomimetic drug MK-801. GABA-D2R-cKO mice exhibited improved motor coordination on a rotarod whereas Glu-D2R-cKO mice were normal. GABA-D2R-cKO mice also exhibited spatial learning deficits without changes in reversal learning on a Barnes maze. At the cellular level, we observed an increase in PV+ cells in the frontal cortex of GABA-D2R-cKO mice and no noticeable changes in Glu-D2R-cKO mice. These data point toward unique and distinct roles for D2Rs within excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the regulation of behavior and interneuron development, and suggest that location-biased D2R pharmacology may be clinically advantageous to achieve higher efficacy and help avoid unwanted effects.</p

Image_2_Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Consequences of Cell-Type Specific Loss of Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex.TIF

Developmental dysregulation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) alters neuronal migration, differentiation, and behavior and contributes to the psychopathology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The current study is aimed at identifying how cell-specific loss of D2Rs in the cerebral cortex may impact neurobehavioral and cellular development, in order to better understand the roles of this receptor in cortical circuit formation and brain disorders. We deleted D2R from developing cortical GABAergic interneurons (Nkx2.1-Cre) or from developing telencephalic glutamatergic neurons (Emx1-Cre). Conditional knockouts (cKO) from both lines, Drd2fl/fl, Nkx2.1-Cre+ (referred to as GABA-D2R-cKO mice) or Drd2fl/fl, Emx1-Cre+ (referred to as Glu-D2R-cKO mice), exhibited no differences in simple tests of anxiety-related or depression-related behaviors, or spatial or nonspatial working memory. Both GABA-D2R-cKO and Glu-D2R-cKO mice also had normal basal locomotor activity, but GABA-D2R-cKO mice expressed blunted locomotor responses to the psychotomimetic drug MK-801. GABA-D2R-cKO mice exhibited improved motor coordination on a rotarod whereas Glu-D2R-cKO mice were normal. GABA-D2R-cKO mice also exhibited spatial learning deficits without changes in reversal learning on a Barnes maze. At the cellular level, we observed an increase in PV+ cells in the frontal cortex of GABA-D2R-cKO mice and no noticeable changes in Glu-D2R-cKO mice. These data point toward unique and distinct roles for D2Rs within excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the regulation of behavior and interneuron development, and suggest that location-biased D2R pharmacology may be clinically advantageous to achieve higher efficacy and help avoid unwanted effects.</p

<i>Pomc</i> enhancers nPE1 and nPE2 function cooperatively.

<p>(A) Schematic of nPE mutant <i>Pomc</i> alleles. Green arrowheads show the locations of remnant loxP sites following Cre-mediated excision of the <i>neo</i> gene-targeting selection cassettes (see <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004935#pgen.1004935.s003" target="_blank">S3 Fig.</a>). (B) <i>Pomc</i> expression measured by qRT-PCR in heads of e10.5 embryos. n = 7–8. (C) Representative <i>Pomc in situ</i> hybridization in sagittal sections of e13.5 embryos. Red box in schematic diagram indicates magnified area. hyp, hypothalamus; pit, pituitary. Scale bar in left panel, 2 mm; right panel, 500 μm. (D-E) Average integrated density of <i>in situ</i> hybridization signal in hypothalamus (D) and pituitary (E). n = 4. Quantitative data are presented as mean + 1 S.E.M. Genotype means were compared by two-tailed t-tests. * <i>P</i> < 0.05, ** <i>P</i> < 0.01, *** <i>P</i> < 0.001 compared to +/+.</p

Physiological responses of male nPE2 mutant mice to altered nutrition.

<p>(A) <i>Pomc</i> expression measured by qRT-PCR in hypothalamus and (B) body composition measured by NMR of mice fed <i>ad libitum</i> (AL), fed a calorie restricted diet causing 20% weight loss in 1 wk (CR), or subjected to CR regimen followed by 24 hr <i>ad libitum</i> food access (RF). n = 6 of each genotype/treatment combination. (C) Cumulative food intake at each indicated time point during the 24 hr refeeding period. (D) Body composition measured by NMR in mice fed low fat (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high fat (HFD; 60% kcal fat) diets for 16 wk. n = 2 for LFD, 6–7 for HFD. (E) <i>Ucp1</i> expression in brown adipose tissue measured by qRT-PCR of mice fed LFD or HFD for 48 hr. n = 6 per treatment/genotype combination. Data are presented as mean + 1 S.E.M. Group means were compared by two-tailed t-tests. * <i>P</i> < 0.05, *** <i>P</i> < 0.001.</p