スポーツ史における社会学，経済学そして「文化経済学」のアプローチ : 新しい方向のための提言

departmental bulletin pape

Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B̅ 0→D0π0

journal articl

カンサイボウ ノ ニッチ

video/mp4幹細胞周囲の環境による分化制御に関し概説する.講演場所: バイオサイエンス研究科大講義室講演者所属: 理化学研究所幹細胞研究グループ教授vide

Synergistic effects on embryonic lens defects were selectively observed in transgenic co-expression of the human <i>CRYGD</i> mutant and murine <i>Cryaa</i> mutants.

Compared to the siblings carrying single transgene, Tg(cryaa:Hsa.CRYGD_I4F), double transgenic embryos at 4dpf exhibited enhanced penetrance of lens defects when Tg(cryaa:Rno.Cryaa_R49C) was co-expressed, but not Tg(cryaa:Rno.Cryaa_R116C). Error bars represented standard errors. Number of crosses is denoted in parentheses.</p

The effects on γD-crystallin protein aggregation by transgenes of murine <i>αB-crystallin R120G</i> mutant.

(A) Transgenic expression of mouse Cryab R120G mutant induced lens defects in 4dpf zebrafish embryos, and lens defects were significantly exacerbated in the background of αB-crystallin null (cryaba-/-; cryabb-/-). (B) The percentage of embryos showing mCherry-tagged γD-I4F punctates in the lens were not changed when co-expressed with Tg(cryaa:Mmu.Cryab_R120G). Error bars represented standard deviations in (A) and standard errors in (B). Number of crosses is denoted in parentheses.</p

Apoptotic cell death was not induced by transgenic expression of murine <i>Cryaa</i> mutants.

TUNEL staining (A), embryos of Tg(cryaa:Rno.Cryaa_R49C) and Tg(cryaa:Rno.Cryaa_R116C) did not show increase of apoptosis in the lens when compared to non-transgenic (WT) siblings (B). Center black lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles as determined by R software; whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentiles. Individual sample points are shown by red circle.</p

Postharvest changes in texture profiles and pectin metabolism in salt-stressed tomato

In tomato cultivation, applying salt stress has been found to enhance organoleptic qualities. The texture of the tomato fruit is a crucial factor in determining quality and shelf life. However, postharvest changes in fruit texture of tomato grown under salt stress have not been studied. The study aimed to explore these changes and their relationship with pectin content and the activity of pectin-metabolizing enzymes. Salt stress was induced through addition of 100 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution, and ripe fruits were stored at 5 °C for 14 days. The loss of fruit weight after storage was consistent in both control and salt-stressed fruits, salt stress reduced the loss of fruit firmness by 36 % compared to control fruit. Salt-stressed fruits exhibited minor postharvest changes in several texture profiles compared to control fruits. Moreover, the mitigation of postharvest texture softening in salt-stressed fruits varied across different fruit tissues. Salt stress 40 % to 100 % increased the pectin content, which remained high during storage. Additionally, pectin-metabolizing enzymes like pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were 140 % and 80 % increased by salt stress, respectively; however, PG activity decreased during storage in salt-stressed fruits. The adhesiveness of the pericarp tissue was correlated with water-soluble pectin, PME, and PG. Therefore, we conclude that salt stress may mitigate postharvest texture softening, and the higher pectin content and pectin-metabolizing enzymes may contribute to this reduction in texture softening during storage in salt-stressed fruits. These findings suggest that salt stress could be a viable method for enhancing the texture and shelf life of tomatoes.Citeation: Kazufumi Zushi, Momo Hojima, Mai Higashijima, Postharvest changes in texture profiles and pectin metabolism in salt-stressed tomato, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 336, 2024, 113381, ISSN 0304-4238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113381. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423824005387) Abstract: In tomato cultivation, applying salt stress has been found to enhance organoleptic qualities. The texture of the tomato fruit is a crucial factor in determining quality and shelf life. However, postharvest changes in fruit texture of tomato grown under salt stress have not been studied. The study aimed to explore these changes and their relationship with pectin content and the activity of pectin-metabolizing enzymes. Salt stress was induced through addition of 100 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution, and ripe fruits were stored at 5 °C for 14 days. The loss of fruit weight after storage was consistent in both control and salt-stressed fruits, salt stress reduced the loss of fruit firmness by 36 % compared to control fruit. Salt-stressed fruits exhibited minor postharvest changes in several texture profiles compared to control fruits. Moreover, the mitigation of postharvest texture softening in salt-stressed fruits varied across different fruit tissues. Salt stress 40 % to 100 % increased the pectin content, which remained high during storage. Additionally, pectin-metabolizing enzymes like pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were 140 % and 80 % increased by salt stress, respectively; however, PG activity decreased during storage in salt-stressed fruits. The adhesiveness of the pericarp tissue was correlated with water-soluble pectin, PME, and PG. Therefore, we conclude that salt stress may mitigate postharvest texture softening, and the higher pectin content and pectin-metabolizing enzymes may contribute to this reduction in texture softening during storage in salt-stressed fruits. These findings suggest that salt stress could be a viable method for enhancing the texture and shelf life of tomatoes. Keywords: Compression firmness; Fruit texture; Pectin; Pectin methylesterase; Polygalacturonase; Salt stress; Storag

Transgenic expression of murine <i>Cryaa</i> mutants induced lens defects in 4dpf zebrafish embryos.

(A) The lens-specific murine Cryaa transgenes displayed Cerulean marker in the heart. Upper Panel, DIC image. Lower panel, a white arrow marks the Cerulean marker in the heart. No overall morphology changes were observed in all transgenic carriers. (B) Representative DIC images of lenses from embryos expressing cataract-linked αA-crystallin mutants. The cataract phenotypes have been classified on the basis of the severity of defects. (i) WT, (ii, iii) minor defects (iv) major defects. (C) Embryos of lens-specific Rno.Cryaa transgenes (R49C and R116C mutations) displayed lens defects with various penetrance (scored at 4dpf). Removal of endogenous cryaa alleles exacerbated the lens defects. Error bars represented standard errors. Number of crosses is denoted in parentheses, n is the total number of screened embryos.</p

Differential modulation of γD-crystallin protein aggregation by transgenes of murine <i>Cryaa</i> mutants.

(A) Schematic of the experiment utilizing the Gal4/UAS targeted gene expression system. Double transgenic line, Tg[cryaa:Gal4]; Tg[UAS:GFP], were outcrossed to either αA-R49C, cryaa-/-;αA-R49C, αA-R116C (shown in Fig 4B) or αB-R120G (shown in Fig 5B) transgenic lines. Fertilized zygotes were injected with tol2 mRNA and UAS responder Tol2 constructs expressing fluorescently tagged human γD-crystallin (Hsa.CRYGD_I4F-mCherry). Embryos possessing lens fiber cells positive for mCherry mosaic expression were selected and imaged at 4dpf. (B) The percentage of embryos showing γD-crystallin_I4F-mCherry punctuates in the lens were significantly increased when Tg(cryaa:Rno.Cryaa_R49C) was co-expressed, but not with Tg(cryaa:Rno.Cryaa_R116C). Error bars represented standard deviations in αA-R49C crosses (left panel,) and standard errors in αA-R116C crosses (right panel). Number of crosses is denoted in parentheses.</p

Constitutive Equations of Inelastic Behaviours of Polycrystalline Metals Subjected to Finite Deformation

application/pdfThere are several important problems left to get reliable consititutive equations of engineering materials in a finite deformation range, from both practical and theoretical points of view. This paper is devoted to one of the most important problems among them ; hardening law. A new hardening law incorporating a grain shape effect for a polycrystalline metal on the basis of a crystal plasticity, i.e., a microscopic deformation mechanism.departmental bulletin pape