Paternity and Dominance Loss in Male Breeders: The Cost of Helpers in a Cooperatively Breeding Mammal

Paternity insurance and dominance tenure length are two important components of male reproductive success, particularly in species where reproduction is highly skewed towards a few individuals. Identifying the factors affecting these two components is crucial to better understand the pattern of variation in reproductive success among males. In social species, the social context (i.e. group size and composition) is likely to influence the ability of males to secure dominance and to monopolize reproduction. Most studies have analyzed the factors affecting paternity insurance and dominance tenure separately. We use a long term data set on Alpine marmots to investigate the effect of the number of subordinate males on both paternity insurance and tenure of dominant males. We show that individuals which are unable to monopolize reproduction in their family groups in the presence of many subordinate males are likely to lose dominance the following year. We also report that dominant males lose body mass in the year they lose both paternity and dominance. Our results suggest that controlling many subordinate males is energetically costly for dominant males, and those unable to support this cost lose the control over both reproduction and dominance. A large number of subordinate males in social groups is therefore costly for dominant males in terms of fitness

Search for new phenomena with photon+jet events in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for the production of high-mass resonances decaying into a photon and a jet in 3.2 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Selected events have an isolated photon and a jet, each with transverse momentum above 150 GeV. No significant deviation of the γ+jet invariant mass distribution from the background-only hypothesis is found. Limits are set at 95% confidence level on the cross sections of generic Gaussian-shaped signals and of a few benchmark phenomena beyond the Standard Model: excited quarks with vector-like couplings to the Standard Model particles, and non-thermal quantum black holes in two models of extra spatial dimensions. The minimum excluded visible cross sections for Gaussian-shaped resonances with width-to-mass ratios of 2% decrease from about 6 fb for a mass of 1.5 TeV to about 0.8 fb for a mass of 5 TeV. The minimum excluded visible cross sections for Gaussian-shaped resonances with width-to-mass ratios of 15% decrease from about 50 fb for a mass of 1.5 TeV to about 1.0 fb for a mass of 5 TeV. Excited quarks are excluded below masses of 4.4 TeV, and non-thermal quantum black holes are excluded below masses of 3.8 (6.2) TeV for Randall-Sundrum (Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulous-Dvali) models with one (six) extra dimensions

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles produced in s NN = 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector.

Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV are presented using a data sample corresponding to 0.49 nb - 1 integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. The recorded minimum-bias sample is enhanced by triggers for "ultra-central" collisions, providing an opportunity to perform detailed study of flow harmonics in the regime where the initial state is dominated by fluctuations. The anisotropy of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distributions is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, v 2 - v 7 , which are measured using the two-particle correlation, scalar-product and event-plane methods. The goal of the paper is to provide measurements of the differential as well as integrated flow harmonics v n over wide ranges of the transverse momentum, 0.5  < p T <  60 GeV, the pseudorapidity, | η | <  2.5, and the collision centrality 0-80%. Results from different methods are compared and discussed in the context of previous and recent measurements in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76  TeV and 5.02  TeV . In particular, the shape of the p T dependence of elliptic or triangular flow harmonics is observed to be very similar at different centralities after scaling the v n and p T values by constant factors over the centrality interval 0-60% and the p T range 0.5  < p T <  5 GeV

Search for Higgs boson pair production in the γ γ W W ∗ channel using pp collision data recorded at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector.

Searches for non-resonant and resonant Higgs boson pair production are performed in the γ γ W W ∗ channel with the final state of γ γ ℓ ν j j using 36.1  fb - 1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed. A 95% confidence-level observed upper limit of 7.7 pb is set on the cross section for non-resonant production, while the expected limit is 5.4 pb. A search for a narrow-width resonance X decaying to a pair of Standard Model Higgs bosons HH is performed with the same set of data, and the observed upper limits on σ ( p p → X ) × B ( X → H H ) range between 40.0 and 6.1 pb for masses of the resonance between 260 and 500 GeV, while the expected limits range between 17.6 and 4.4 pb. When deriving the limits above, the Standard Model branching ratios of the H → γ γ and H → W W ∗ are assumed

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the qq¯(′)bb¯ final state in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the final state is described. The search uses of proton–proton collision data at collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The data are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations, with the largest excess found at a resonance mass of 3.0 TeV with a local (global) significance of 3.3 (2.1) σ. The results are presented in terms of constraints on a simplified model with a heavy vector triplet. Upper limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying to a W (Z) boson and a Higgs boson, itself decaying to , in the mass range between 1.1 and 3.8 TeV at 95% confidence level; the limits range between 83 and 1.6 fb (77 and 1.1 fb) at 95% confidence level.OIT -Ontario Innovation Trust(IN2P3-CNRS)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

In situ calibration of large-radius jet energy and mass in 13TeVproton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

The response of the ATLAS detector to large-radius jets is measured in situ using 36.2 fb(-1) of root s = 13TeV proton-proton collisions provided by the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS experiment during 2015 and 2016. The jet energy scale is measured in events where the jet recoils against a reference object, which can be either a calibrated photon, a reconstructed Z boson, or a system of well-measured small-radius jets. The jet energy resolution and a calibration of forward jets are derived using dijet balance measurements. The jet mass response is measured with two methods: using mass peaks formed by W bosons and top quarks with large transverse momenta and by comparing the jet mass measured using the energy deposited in the calorimeter with that using the momenta of charged-particle tracks. The transverse momentum and mass responses in simulations are found to be about 2-3% higher than in data. This difference is adjusted for with a correction factor. The results of the different methods are combined to yield a calibration over a large range of transverse momenta (p(T)). The precision of the relative jet energy scale is 1-2% for 200 GeV &lt; p(T) &lt; TeV, while that of the mass scale is 2-10%. The ratio of the energy resolutions in data and simulation is measured to a precision of 10-15% over the same p(T) range

Aseellinen toiminta kauppa-aluksia vastaan kansainvälisessä aseellisessa selkkauksessa

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten kansainvälinen oikeus sääntelee sodankävijävaltion vaikuttamista vihollisen kauppameriliikenteeseen valtioiden välisen aseellisen selkkauksen aikana. Rajausten perusteella tutkimuksen pääkysymykseksi muotoutui: Miten kansainvälinen oikeus sääntelee sota-alusten aseellista toimintaa kauppa-aluksia vastaan kansainvälisessä aseellisessa selkkauksessa. Osana tutkimusta selvitettiin miten merivyöhykkeet vaikuttavat aseellisen toiminnan sääntöihin ja voiko kauppa-alus suojautua aseelliselta toiminnalta kulkemalla puolueettomalla merialueella. Tutkimus toteutettiin noudattaen eurooppalaista oikeuspositivistista lähestymistapaa. Siinä huomio keskittyy voimassa oleviin oikeussääntöihin, joita tulkitaan sellaisina kuin ne ovat tarkasteluhetkellä. Tähän lähestymistapaan perustuvan tieteisopin tarkoituksena on jäsennellä ongelmaan liittyvistä oikeuslähteistä kokonaisuus, selventää siihen sovellettavien oikeussääntöjen sisältöä tulkinnan avulla, ja näiden perusteella esittää tarkasteltavan ongelman oikeudellinen tila. Oikeuslähteinä käytettiin valtiosopimuksia ja tapaoikeuden käsikirjoja. Oikeuslähteiden tulkinnassa hyödynnettiin niihin liittyviä kommentaareja sekä asiantuntijoiden kirjoituksia. Viime vuosisadan sotien käytäntöä, jossa kauppa-aluksia upotettiin valtavia määriä, voidaan pitää nykyisten merisodankäynnin oikeussääntöjen vastaisena. Kansainvälisen oikeuden asiantuntijoiden tekemä valinta sotilaskohteen määritelmän ilmaisun 'tehokas vaikutus sotatoimiin' liittämisestä osaksi aseellisen toiminnan edellytyksiä kauppa-aluksia vastaan, on parantanut rahtia kuljettavien kauppa-alusten suojaa aseelliselta toiminnalta. Tavanomaista rahtia kuljettava kauppa-alus ei ole sallittu kohde aseelliselle toiminnalle, ellei se ole aseistettu tai tuota tiedustelutietoa asevoimille, kulje vihollisen sota-alusten saattueessa tai vastusta alustarkastusta tai haltuunottoa. Vihollisen taloudelliseen heikentämiseen pyrkivä kauppa-alusten tuhoaminen ei siis ole kansainvälisen oikeuden sääntöjen perusteella sallittua. Puolueettomien valtioiden kauppa-alukset nauttivat lähtökohtaisesti vihollisen kauppa-aluksia parempaa suojaa. Jos puolueeton alus kuljettaa rahtia vihollisen satamaan tai satamasta muodostuvat aseellisen toiminnan säännöt lähes vihollisen kauppa-aluksia vastaaviksi. Puolueettomia kauppa-aluksia koskevissa säännöissä korostuvat vaatimukset kohteen varoittamisesta ennen aseellisen toiminnan aloittamista. Puolueettomien valtioiden talousvyöhykkeet eivät käytännössä rajoita aseellista toimintaa kauppa-aluksia vastaan Itämerellä. Kulkiessaan puolueettoman valtion aluevesillä kauppa-alusta vastaan ei saada kohdistaa aseellista toimintaa. Kauppa-alus voi halutessaan käyttää puolueettoman valtion aluevesiä suojautuakseen aseelliselta toiminnalta. Mikäli Suomi ohjaisi meriliikenteensä kulkemaan puolueettoman merialueen kautta, Suomen toiminta olisi mahdollista tulkita puolueettomuuden loukkaukseksi. Se ei kuitenkaan poistaisi kauppa-aluksilta puolueettoman merialueen aikaansaamaa suojaa

Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into b(b)over-bar produced in association with top quarks decaying hadronically in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson production in association with a pair of top quarks (t (t) over barH) is performed, where the Higgs boson decays to b (b) over bar, and both top quarks decay hadronically. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search selects events with at least six energetic jets and uses a boosted decision tree algorithm to discriminate between signal and Standard Model background. The dominant multijet background is estimated using a dedicated data-driven technique. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an upper limit of 6.4 (5.4) times the Standard Model cross section is observed (expected) at 95% confidence level. The best-fit value for the signal strength is mu = 1.6 +/- 2.6 times the Standard Model expectation for m(H) = 125 GeV. Combining all t (t) over barH searches carried out by ATLAS at root s = 8 and 7 TeV, an observed (expected) upper limit of 3.1 (1.4) times the Standard Model expectation is obtained at 95% confidence level, with a signal strength mu = 1.7 +/- 0.8

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