家臣制の象徴儀礼についての覚え書き -フェストゥーカを手がかりとして-

2010-03-31En 1976 Jacques Le Goff a publié un article important, consacré au rituel symbolique de la vassalité. Le rituel de l’entrée en vassalité se divise en trois temps distincts: d’abord l’hommage qui comprend un engagement verbal et une étreinte des mains, ensuite la foi, c’est-à-dire le baiser et le serment de fidélité, enfin l’investiture du fief qui consiste dans la remise d’un objet symbolique par le seigneur. Selon Le Goff, ces rites constituent non seulement un rituel, mais aussi un système, et le système symbolique de la vassalité a pour modèle de référence un modèle de parenté. Il fonde cette dernière thèse sur une analyse de la pré-histoire d’un objet employé dans la phase d’investiture, la festuca, laquelle, selon lui, jouait un rôle essentiel dans une pratique qui, plus encore qu’une cession de biens ou de droits, était une procédure d’adoption. Cette note a pour objectif de vérifier la thèse de Le Goff, en étudiant les emplois de la festuca pendant l’époque franque. On peut en tirer les conclusions suivantes: 1) La festuca intervenait certes dans une procédure qui était proche de celle de l’adoption, mais tend à en disparaître avec le renforcement de la notion d’adoption. 2) Il faut admettre qu’elle jouait un rôle important, notamment dans la renonciation au droit et dans diverses promesses. 3) Les cas exemplaires de l’emploi de la festuca pendant l’époque franque nous font douter qu‘elle soit devenue un des objets représentatifs de l’investiture du fief.departmental bulletin pape

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like elements (SETTLE): a surgical case diagnosed preoperatively using fine-needle aspiration cytology

Summary Spindle epithelial tumor with thymic-like elements (SETTLE) is an extremely rare tumor that occurs primarily in the thyroid gland. Histologically, SETTLE is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped epithelial cells and glandular structures. However, it is known that diagnosis via fine-needle aspiration cytology can be challenging. SETTLE predominantly occurs in younger individuals and has a less favorable prognosis compared to differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. We encountered a case of spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation in a 10-year-old patient for whom the preoperative diagnosis was successfully established through fine-needle aspiration cytology, which facilitated appropriate surgical resection. Comprehensive histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis are essential to ensure appropriate management and surveillance of SETTLE. Learning points A rare thyroid tumor, spindle epithelial tumor with thymic-like elements (SETTLE), was diagnosed preoperatively and treated surgically. SETTLE presents with characteristic histological features that must be recognized for accurate diagnosis. In addition, diagnosis through cytology is often challenging. The primary treatment for SETTLE is surgical intervention as radiotherapy and pharmacological treatments are generally not expected to be highly effective. Radical resection is the only effective treatment, making the selection of the surgical procedure according to the stage of the disease essential

Observation of B+ → χc0K+

journal articl

トウホウダイガク メディア ネット センター ノ ゴショウカイ

video/mp4講演日: 平成20年10月31日講演場所: 附属図書館マルチメディア提示室1講演者所属: 東邦大学習志野メディアセンターvide

Comparison of percent virus inactivation and syncytia formation as a function of incubation pH.

The percent of virus inactivation by TCID50 assay was calculated at pH values ranging from 5.3 to 5.9 at 0.1-unit increments. These values are displayed to the right of associated micrographs. HA activation pH values by syncytia assay and inactivation pH values by luciferase assay are provided at the top of each column for reference. The viruses are A/TN/09 WT, A/swine/Wisconsin/11/1980 (H1N1), A/swine/California/T9001707/1991 (H1N1), and A/black-headed gull/Sweden/5/1999 (H16N2).</p

Viruses characterized and associated stability values.

Viruses characterized and associated stability values.</p

<i>Renilla</i> luciferase assay of residual infectivity after acid exposure using MDCK Luc9.1 reporter cells.

MDCK Luc9.1 cells were inoculated with A/TN/09 WT (solid circles) or Y17H (open triangles) at MOI values ranging from 2x10-5 to 2 PFU/cell and were overlaid with media lacking TPCK-treated trypsin (A,B; -T) or containing it (C,D; +T). After 17 h, cell lysates were mixed with Renilla luciferase substrate and luminescence (relative light units, RLU) was measured using a 96-well plate luminometer. Virus aliquots in panels E-H were exposed to pH-adjusted PBS for 1h before inoculation into Luc9.1 reporter cells at an MOI of 2 (E,F) or 0.2 (G,H) PFU/cell. Data in panels E-H were fit by nonlinear regression (dose-response simulation) to calculate the midpoints of inactivation, or “inactivation pH”, which are listed on the panels. Dotted horizontal lines correspond to the lowest detectable residual infectivity after acid treatment (defined as 3 standard deviations above the mean of low-pH inactivated aliquots). Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3). Reported data are representative of three independent experiments.</p

Virus inactivation measured by TCID50 and luciferase assays.

TCID50 values (left y-axis, black circles) and luciferase activity (RLU, right y-axis, white squares) were measured as a function of exposure to the reported pH followed by re-neutralization. Right y-axes are scaled so that RLU maxima and minima are displayed at levels similar to those from TCID50 on the opposite axis. Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 3). Reported data are representative of two or more independent experiments. (A) rg-A/TN/1-560/2009 (H1N1). (B) A/Bethesda/55/2015 (H3N2). (C) A/Aichi/2/1968 (H3N2). (D) rg-A/swine/NC/18161/2002 (H1N1). (E) A/swine/North Carolina/0033/2011 (H3N2). (F) A/swine/North Carolina/1256/2011 (H3N2). (G) A/swine/California/T9001707/1991 (H1N1). (H) A/canine/Illinois/41915/2015 (H3N2). (I) rg-A/canine/Indiana/1177-17-1/2017 (PR8 internal genes) (H3N2). (J) A/ruddy turnstone/NJ/65/1985 (H7N3). (K) A/duck/Australia/341/1983 (H15N8). (L) A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 (H13N6).</p

HA activation pH values measured by syncytia formation assay.

Viruses identified by the numbers on the left side of each row (cf. Table 1) were inoculated into Vero cells at an MOI of 3 PFU/cell. The pH values for PBS overlaid onto the cells are reported on the top left of each microscopic image. HA activation pH was defined as the highest pH at which syncytia formation occurred (third column).</p

Schematic of luciferase reporter assay to measure influenza virus inactivation pH.

(A) Acid treatment of samples. Into each well of a 96 deep-well plate, 495 μl of pH-adjusted PBS is added. 5-μl aliquots of twelve virus or control samples are added to eight wells each and incubated at 37°C for 1h. (B) Re-neutralization. A multichannel pipette is used to transfer 90 μl of sample from panel A into 810 μl infection media that has a pH of 7.0. (C) Infection of reporter cells. A multichannel pipette is used to transfer 200 μl re-neutralized virus to a white 96-well tissue culture (TC) dish containing MDCK-Luc9.1 cells. After 17-19h incubation at 37°C and 5% CO2, media is aspirated, 20 μl of lysis buffer is added, and 100 μl of diluted Renilla luciferase assay substrate is added. (D) Quantification of reporter gene expression and calculation of virus inactivation pH. Luminescence is measured using a plate-reader luminometer. Relative light units (RLUs) are output to csv files, which are then analyzed in GraphPad Prism 8 to calculate the point of inflection by nonlinear regression with a dose-response equation. In this example, samples include virus 1 (calculated pH 5.81), virus 2 (calculated pH 5.35), and virus 3 (control virus, used to estimate the baseline reading). RLU values were assigned for illustrative purposes only and are not real data. (E) Comparison of luciferase and TCID50 assays to measure virus inactivation pH. Total virus is an estimate of total PFUs needed for each assay. Time to conduct assay is after culturing of cells.</p