CFD Analysis of Flow near Shark Skin Model with Vibration for Improvement of Antifouling Properties of Ship Bottom: Analysis of Flow near Multiple Denticles that Compose Shark Skin

researches related to bio-inspired shark skin’s drag reduction and antifouling to improve fuel consumption of ships. But the bio-inspired shark skin has a demerit that antifouling effect of skins is lost when they are at anchor in a few weeks. In this study, to add the antifouling effect on the bio-inspired shark skins at anchor, the vibration of the skin is tried to be used. As for the targeted model, real shark skin model is created by using µCT figures of mako shark skin. Flow field around the shark skin is analyzed by CFD when real shark skin or flat skin vibrate. The fluid is water and it is treated as laminar flow. To simulate flow field by sinusoidal vibration of shark skin, opposite side to skin is treated as inlet and shark skin side except for shark skin is treated as outlet. As for the boundary condition for these parts, velocity and pressure are given as sinusoidal wave at the inlet, and pressure is 0 at the outlet. And boundary condition at shark skin and other sides are treated as fixed wall. In addition, wall shear stress on one denticle and two denticles is analyzed. As a result, it is shown that flow field near shark skin is complicated and maximum wall shear stress on the skin increases as frequency of vibration increases. And there is linear relationship between flow velocity and wall shear stress. In the case of vibration of two denticles of shark skin, wall shear stress on the skin is influenced by distance and angle between two denticles. It is concluded that (1) The possibility of adding antifouling effect on shark skin increases with vibration, (2) Wall shear stress on shark skin will be increased by optimizing distance and angle between two denticles in the case of vibration.journal articl

Newly proposed Method of Pressure Measurement by Tracking Particles for Underwater Micro Shock Waves

This paper describes a novel method for pressure measurements of underwater micro shock waves induced by pulse laser. The underwater shock waves are measured by a hydrophone in general. However, it is difficult to measure the pressure of the micro shock wave accurately because its active area is smaller than the sensitive area of the hydrophone. This research proposed methods applying particle tracking velocimetry as the measurement for the micro shock waves. The pressure of the shock wave was calculated from two types of calculation processes with different hypotheses for the change of particle velocity. Method 1 assumed that the velocity of the particle receiving the shock waves decelerates exponentially, and method 2 assumed that the velocity decelerates linearly. As the result of method 1, the pressure at the laser-focal area was calculated to be 28.92 MPa which was higher than the pressure estimated from results measured by hydrophone. Conversely, the pressure at the laser-focal area was calculated to be 7.02 MPa from method 2, which was in the same order as the estimated pressure. From these experiments, it was possible that the proposed pressure measurement applying PTV could be applied to the measurement pressure of micro shock waves.journal articl

Improvising the Tesla Micro-Turbine: Experimental and Performance Analysis

Present Tesla turbine presented a distinct approach to conventional turbine technology by utilizing frictional and viscous forces acting on stacked discs, deviating from the traditional use of blades. Characterized by its efficient energy extraction through boundary layer adhesion and cohesion, the Tesla turbine can achieve exceptional rotational speeds. However, its limited torque output remains a significant challenge, particularly for applications demanding high torque. Hence, the objective of this manuscript is to improvise the design of the Tesla turbine and analyze the impact of the new design’s rotational speed, voltage, current and electrical power generation with increasing inlet pressure. The research methodology employed in this study involves the design of the Tesla turbine discs, then proceeded with experimental work from fabrication of the designed discs and conducting performance tests. It aims to gather quantitative data through controlled experiments to assess the best design of the turbine and test the performance and feasibility of the improvised Tesla turbine. The model comprises of bladed design around the disc performed the best at producing electrical power up to 19.08 W at 50 psi inlet pressure.journal articl

Observation of B+ → χc0K+

journal articl

The effect of glutamine-mediated synchronization on complement susceptibility in breast cancer cell lines

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Complement susceptibility in glutamine deprived breast cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.celldiv.com/content/2/1/20</p><p>Cell Division 2007;2():20-20.</p><p>Published online 11 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2031881.</p><p></p> All populations of cells were grown to confluency in separate culture flasks. Unsynchronized cells were maintained in 10% FBS DMEM supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, while some cells were subsequently maintained in glutamine deficient-media for 48 hours (Gln Deprived), and of this group, some were subsequently supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine for 8 hours (Gln Restored). All populations of cells were sensitized with 20 μg of rabbit polyclonal antibody to β-microglobulin and subjected to 25% fresh normal human serum (NHS). After 4.5 hours of incubation with NHS at 37°C, supernatants were collected and tested for LDH activity to determine percent lysis

Optimal NHS Dilution for Complement-mediated lysis of human breast cancer cell lines

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Complement susceptibility in glutamine deprived breast cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.celldiv.com/content/2/1/20</p><p>Cell Division 2007;2():20-20.</p><p>Published online 11 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2031881.</p><p></p> The Bcap37 and MCF7 cells (1 × 10) were sensitized 20 μg rabbit antibody to β-microglobulin and incubated with specified dilutions of normal human serum (NHS). After a total 4.5 hours of incubation at 37°C, supernatants were collected and tested for LDH activity to determine percent lysis

Percent Lysis following Glutamine Synchronization and Neutralization of CD59

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Complement susceptibility in glutamine deprived breast cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.celldiv.com/content/2/1/20</p><p>Cell Division 2007;2():20-20.</p><p>Published online 11 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2031881.</p><p></p> Treatment groups were prepared as outlined for unsynchronized, glutamine deprived and glutamine restored populations of Bcap37 and MCF7 cells. Cells were sensitized with 20 μg of rabbit polyclonal antibody to β-microglobulin and subjected to 25% fresh normal human serum (NHS) in combination with 20 μg of YTH53.1 rat monoclonal antibody to CD59. After 4 hours of incubation with NHS at 37°C, supernatants were collected and tested for LDH activity to determine percent lysis. Please note the increase in percent lysis for both cell lines as compared to Figure 6

Cell cycle distribution for breast cancer cells subjected to glutamine-mediated synchronization

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Complement susceptibility in glutamine deprived breast cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.celldiv.com/content/2/1/20</p><p>Cell Division 2007;2():20-20.</p><p>Published online 11 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2031881.</p><p></p> Data are depicted as representative means for three independent experiments. Bcap37 cells (Figure 3a) and MCF7 cells (Figure 3b) were grown to confluency and either maintained in media with glutamine (Unsynchronized) or without glutamine for 48 hours (Gln Deprived), or without glutamine for 48 hours but then followed by 8 hours with glutamine (Gln Restored). All cells were harvested and treated with 0.5 mg/ml propidium iodide to determine cell cycle distribution by FACS analyses

Expression of CD59 and CD55 in breast cancer cells subjected to glutamine-mediated synchronization

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Complement susceptibility in glutamine deprived breast cancer cells"</p><p>http://www.celldiv.com/content/2/1/20</p><p>Cell Division 2007;2():20-20.</p><p>Published online 11 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2031881.</p><p></p> Data is depicted as representative means for three independent experiments. Bcap37 cells (Figure 4a) and MCF7 cells (Figure 4b) were grown to confluency and either maintained with glutamine (Unsynchronized) or in the same media without glutamine for 48 hours (Glutamine Deprived), or in the same media without glutamine for 48 hours followed by 8 hours with glutamine (Glutamine Restored). In all experimental groups for Bcap37 and MCF7 cells, CD59 was quantified using FITC-conjugated anti-CD59 mouse monoclonal antibody and CD55 was quantified using FITC-conjugated anti-CD55 mouse monoclonal antibody

Nouvelle bibliotheque des auteurs ecclesiastiques : contenant l'histoire de leur vie, le catalogue, la critique, et la chronologie de leurs ouvrages ... /

Réponse aux remarques sur la bibliotheque des auteurs ecclesiastiques, 67 p.Mode of access: Internet.Marca tip. en portada.Mención de ed. precede a mención de parte.Texto a dos columnas y con apostillas marginales.Anteportada grab. calcográfica: "D. Penninger sculp."Portada a dos tintas.Sign.: *4, A-Z4, 2A-2I4