脳卒中片麻痺患者における歩行時間･空間変数の左右差に関する研究

信州大学博士（学術）学位論文・平成24年9月30日授与（甲第74号）・重島 晃史Thesis重島 晃史. 脳卒中片麻痺患者における歩行時間･空間変数の左右差に関する研究. 信州大学, 2012, 76p, 博士論文doctoral thesi

Nursery Room in ISSS-10 ～Backyard of the Conference～

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Observation of B+ → χc0K+

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大蔵大臣としてのJoseph A.Schumpeterの理論と行動

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Table_1_Age-Related Structural and Functional Changes in the Mouse Lung.DOCX

Lung function declines with advancing age. To improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships leading to this decline, we investigated structural alterations in the lung and their impact on micromechanics and lung function in the aging mouse. Lung function analysis was performed in 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months old C57BL/6 mice (n = 7–8/age), followed by lung fixation and stereological sample preparation. Lung parenchymal volume, total, ductal and alveolar airspace volume, alveolar volume and number, septal volume, septal surface area and thickness were quantified by stereology as well as surfactant producing alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell volume and number. Parenchymal volume, total and ductal airspace volume increased in old (18 and 24 months) compared with middle-aged (6 and 12 months) and young (3 months) mice. While the alveolar number decreased from young (7.5 × 106) to middle-aged (6 × 106) and increased again in old (9 × 106) mice, the mean alveolar volume and mean septal surface area per alveolus conversely first increased in middle-aged and then declined in old mice. The ATII cell number increased from middle-aged (8.8 × 106) to old (11.8 × 106) mice, along with the alveolar number, resulting in a constant ratio of ATII cells per alveolus in all age groups (1.4 ATII cells per alveolus). Lung compliance and inspiratory capacity increased, whereas tissue elastance and tissue resistance decreased with age, showing greatest changes between young and middle-aged mice. In conclusion, alveolar size declined significantly in old mice concomitant with a widening of alveolar ducts and late alveolarization. These changes may partly explain the functional alterations during aging. Interestingly, despite age-related lung remodeling, the number of ATII cells per alveolus showed a tightly controlled relation in all age groups.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Starch and Fiber Contents of Purified Control Diets Differentially Affect Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota Composition.PDF

BackgroundInterpretation of results from diet-induced-obesity (DIO) studies critically depends on control conditions. Grain-based chows are optimized for rodent nutrition but do not match the defined composition of purified diets used for DIO, severely limiting the comparability. Purified control diets are recommended but often contain high starch and only minor fiber amounts. It is unknown whether this composition leads to metabolic alterations compared with chow and whether the addition of refined fibers at the expense of starch affects these changes.MethodsIn this experiment, 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice were fed (i) a conventional purified control diet (high-starch, low-fiber; Puri-starch), (ii) an alternative, custom-made purified control diet containing pectin and inulin (medium-starch, higher-fiber; Puri-fiber), or (iii) grain-based chow for 30 weeks (N = 8–10).ResultsPuri-starch feeding resulted in significantly elevated levels of plasma insulin (p = 0.004), cholesterol (p ConclusionCarbohydrate-rich purified diets trigger a metabolic status possibly masking pathological effects of nutrients under study, restricting its use as control condition. The addition of refined fibers is suited to create purified, yet physiological control diets for DIO research.</p

Intracellular particle localisation in tripe cell co-cultures visualised by LSM

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Translocation of particles and inflammatory responses after exposure to fine particles and nanoparticles in an epithelial airway model"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/4/1/9</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2007;4():9-9.</p><p>Published online 25 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2039730.</p><p></p> Cells at the upper side of the insert (upper row) were stained for CD14 (MDM, turquoise) and F-Actin (all cells, red); cells at the lower side (lower row) for CD86 (MDDC, turquoise) and F-Actin (all cells, red). Fluorescently labelled polystyrene particles (1 μm, and 0.078 μm) are shown in green. MDM and MDDC were filled with particles, considerably fewer particles were found in epithelial cells (Ep). All images represent xz-projections

Visualization and quantitative analysis of nanoparticles in the respiratory tract by transmission electron microscopy-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Visualization and quantitative analysis of nanoparticles in the respiratory tract by transmission electron microscopy"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/4/1/11</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2007;4():11-11.</p><p>Published online 12 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211502.</p><p></p>ation. The overview in A shows a well-preserved type II cell from a newborn rat lung fixed by instillation of 1.5% GA, 1.5% PFA in Hepes buffer and processed according to Table 1. Lamellar bodies (LB), nucleus (Nu) and mitochondria (Mt) are well preserved. At a higher magnification, details of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as an ER related multivesicular transport vesicle (MvTV) can be visualized. The overview in C shows a well-preserved type II cell from an adult rat lung. A small piece of tissue was cut from the whole lung, put in a syringe with 1-hexadecene and air was extracted from the tissue block by negative pressure. Afterwards, the specimen was high-pressure frozen (Leica EMPact 2.0, Leica, Vienna, Austria), freeze-substituted with acetone containing 1% osmium tetroxide (AFS 2.0, Leica, Vienna, Austria) and embedded in epoxy resin. Most likely due to the lack of uranyl acetate during freeze-substitution the lamellar bodies are not well preserved, with almost complete loss of the surfactant material, only the limiting membrane can be seen. However, the ultrastructure of other organelles like multivesicular bodies (MvB) is highly increased (D) due to the excellent preservation of the membrane structures (Me). Since this is the first description of high-pressure frozen lung tissue, systematic studies are needed to determine the ideal processing both for conventional and immuno TEM. Bars = 1 μm (A, C), 250 nm (B, D)

Visualization and quantitative analysis of nanoparticles in the respiratory tract by transmission electron microscopy-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Visualization and quantitative analysis of nanoparticles in the respiratory tract by transmission electron microscopy"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/4/1/11</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2007;4():11-11.</p><p>Published online 12 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211502.</p><p></p>. It shows the crucial decisions in specimen preparation from the fixation level to the investigation at the TEM. Abbreviations: GA = glutaraldehyde; PFA = paraformaldehyde; CTEM = conventional TEM; EFTEM = energy-filtered TEM; ET = electron tomography

Visualization and quantitative analysis of nanoparticles in the respiratory tract by transmission electron microscopy-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Visualization and quantitative analysis of nanoparticles in the respiratory tract by transmission electron microscopy"</p><p>http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/4/1/11</p><p>Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2007;4():11-11.</p><p>Published online 12 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211502.</p><p></p>ation. The overview in A shows a well-preserved type II cell from a newborn rat lung fixed by instillation of 1.5% GA, 1.5% PFA in Hepes buffer and processed according to Table 1. Lamellar bodies (LB), nucleus (Nu) and mitochondria (Mt) are well preserved. At a higher magnification, details of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as an ER related multivesicular transport vesicle (MvTV) can be visualized. The overview in C shows a well-preserved type II cell from an adult rat lung. A small piece of tissue was cut from the whole lung, put in a syringe with 1-hexadecene and air was extracted from the tissue block by negative pressure. Afterwards, the specimen was high-pressure frozen (Leica EMPact 2.0, Leica, Vienna, Austria), freeze-substituted with acetone containing 1% osmium tetroxide (AFS 2.0, Leica, Vienna, Austria) and embedded in epoxy resin. Most likely due to the lack of uranyl acetate during freeze-substitution the lamellar bodies are not well preserved, with almost complete loss of the surfactant material, only the limiting membrane can be seen. However, the ultrastructure of other organelles like multivesicular bodies (MvB) is highly increased (D) due to the excellent preservation of the membrane structures (Me). Since this is the first description of high-pressure frozen lung tissue, systematic studies are needed to determine the ideal processing both for conventional and immuno TEM. Bars = 1 μm (A, C), 250 nm (B, D)