Observation of B+ → χc0K+

journal articl

複合型駅ビルにおける経路空間の温熱環境変化に対する生理・心理反応

departmental bulletin pape

特集9 : 研究速報 : 逐次二点法を用いた超精密真直度測定に関する研究 : 補間測定による高精度化の試み

特集　生産加工システムの先進技術departmental bulletin pape

A novel eukaryotic RdRP-dependent small RNA pathway represses antiviral immunity by controlling an ERK pathway component in the black-legged tick

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are involved in antiviral defense and gene regulation. Although roles of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases (RdRPs) in sRNA biology are extensively studied in nematodes, plants and fungi, understanding of RdRP homologs in other animals is still lacking. Here, we study sRNAs in the ISE6 cell line, which is derived from the black-legged tick, an important vector of human and animal pathogens. We find abundant classes of ~22nt sRNAs that require specific combinations of RdRPs and sRNA effector proteins (Argonautes or AGOs). RdRP1-dependent sRNAs possess 5’-monophosphates and are mainly derived from RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes and repetitive elements. Knockdown of some RdRP homologs misregulates genes including RNAi-related genes and the regulator of immune response Dsor1. Sensor assays demonstrate that Dsor1 is downregulated by RdRP1 through the 3’UTR that contains a target site of RdRP1-dependent repeat-derived sRNAs. Consistent with viral gene repression by the RNAi mechanism using virus-derived small interfering RNAs, viral transcripts are upregulated by AGO knockdown. On the other hand, RdRP1 knockdown unexpectedly results in downregulation of viral transcripts. This effect is dependent on Dsor1, suggesting that antiviral immunity is enhanced by RdRP1 knockdown through Dsor1 upregulation. We propose that tick sRNA pathways control multiple aspects of immune response via RNAi and regulation of signaling pathways.journal articl

Mean number of bites received by a person in each of the three domestic and peri-domestic compartments (outdoor; 1-π; equation , indoor awake; π; equation , indoor asleep; π; equation )

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Interdependence of domestic malaria prevention measures and mosquito-human interactions in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/6/1/126</p><p>Malaria Journal 2007;6():126-126.</p><p>Published online 19 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2039744.</p><p></p

Comparison of exophagic and endophagic behaviour of different mosquito species in urban and rural Tanzania

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Interdependence of domestic malaria prevention measures and mosquito-human interactions in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/6/1/126</p><p>Malaria Journal 2007;6():126-126.</p><p>Published online 19 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2039744.</p><p></p> Degree of exophagy or endophagy is presented as the proportion of mosquitoes caught outdoors so that all mosquitoes with a proportion of outdoor biting significantly greater than 0.5 are considered to be exophagic and all below 0.5 are considered endophagic