遠藤保子教授 略歴と業績

departmental bulletin pape

Measurement of Branching Fractions for B → ππ, Kπ, and KK Decays

journal articl

Flame inhibition by calcium compounds: Effects of calcium compounds on downward flame spread over solid cellulosic fuel

Owing to depletion risks and the rising cost of phosphate rock, phosphorus-free fire-extinguishing agents are in growing demand. This paper aims to develop a new fire suppressant that does not use phosphates and reports the flame-inhibition properties of calcium compounds: calcium acetylacetonate (Ca(acac)2), calcium acetate (Ca(OAc)2), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and calcium oxide (CaO). Their flame-inhibition capabilities were evaluated by measuring the downward flame-spread rates over cellulosic fuels on which each calcium compound was adsorbed. Suppression experiments demonstrated that Ca(acac)2, Ca(OAc)2, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3 extinguished flames. Ca(OAc)2 and Ca(acac)2 were more effective by factors of approximately 1.6 and 1.4, respectively, than ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. To elucidate the influences of the calcium compounds on the pyrolysis of cellulose and char combustion, the activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A) associated with the pyrolysis of cellulose and the char yield (Y) were determined by kinetic analyses involving thermogravimetric measurements. The kinetic analysis permitted us to conclude that none of the calcium compounds hindered cellulose pyrolysis or char combustion. A positive correlation between the bond energy of the compound and minimum extinction concentrations was found, thus suggesting that compounds that easily release atomic calcium effectively inhibit flames.journal articl

中国教育課程改革の動向 : 教育課程改革(2001〜)

application/pdf本研究では、2001年9月から開始された中国の教育課程改革の現状と課題について報告するものである。筆者は昨年3月に、北京において改革の最前線に立つリーダーたちにインタビューを試み、新たな教育課程の理念や具体像について説明を受けるとともに、開発された実験的な教科書、教材を手に入れることができた。とくに、新しく設置される「総合実践活動」「芸術」に焦点をあて、その教科書・教材の具体的内容を紹介したい。departmental bulletin pape

Inactivation of <i>tpx</i> gene renders the mutant more susceptible to oxidative and nitrosative stresses.

<p>Survival of YH<i>Δtpx</i> compared with WT and the complemented strains in response to H₂O₂ at 5 and 10 mM (A), DETA/NO at 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mM (B), paraquat at 10 and 20 mM (C) and GSNO at 5 and 10 mM (D). The data shown is a representative of three independent experiments. Data are represented as mean±SD of triplicate tests. The CFU counts in the Δ<i>tpx</i> are significantly lower using a t-test than in WT after exposure to both H₂O₂ and NO for 24 hours (p<0.0001 all concentrations for both stress conditions).</p

Biochemical analyses of peroxidase activities in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> WT, <i>tpx</i> mutant and the complemented strain.

<p>Presence of hydrogen peroxide was measured by xylenol orange assay. The open bar, initial H₂O₂ at 1 mM. The solid bar, initial H₂O₂ at 0.5 mM. Control, H₂O₂ only. The data was repeated twice with similar results.</p

Growth and survival of YH<i>Δtpx in</i> the lungs and spleen of BALBc mice.

<p>Mice were infected with 3 × 10⁵ bacteria. At different time points the infected mice were sacrificed and the numbers of bacteria in the lung (A) or spleen (B) were measured. The results for each time point are the means and SDs of four mice in each experimental group. The experiments have been reproductively repeated twice with similar CFU counts in lungs and spleens. Statistical significance was determined by Student's <i>t</i> test (***, P<0.0001). C. Changes in spleen gross anatomy after infection with the WT, the mutant and the complemented strains. Spleens were collected at 2 and 3 weeks after infection. D. Lung histology of mice infected with the WT, the mutant and the complemented strains. Histopathological examination was performed using three mice in each group. Three sections from each mouse were examined. The images shown are representative of lung sections from three animals in each experimental group. Enlarged images of the boxed regions on the left panel (magnification, 4×) are shown on the right panel (magnification, 10×).</p

Confirmation of the <i>M. tuberculosis tpx</i> gene deletion.

<p>A. Southern blotting analysis of DNA from the WT and the YHΔ<i>tpx.</i> which was digested with EcoRV and PvuI and hybridized with a probe synthesized to make the complemented construct. B. PCR amplification of DNA from the WT and the YHΔ<i>tpx.</i> 1. WT, 2. <i>tpx</i> mutant. The primers used were designed in the coding region of the <i>tpx</i> gene. 3. WT, 4. <i>tpx</i> mutant. The primers used were for the amplification of complemented construct. M, molecular weight marker (Invitrogen). The experiments were repeated twice, with identical results.</p

Survival of SCID mice (<i>n</i> = 6 per group) infected intravenously with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Rv WT, YHΔ<i>tpx</i> and the complemented strains.

<p>Deletion of <i>tpx</i> gene led to no death of the mice over 60 days after infection.</p

Growth and survival of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Δ<i>tpx</i> in resting and IFN-γ-activated macrophages.

<p>A. Infection in resting bone marrow derived macrophages from BALB/c mice. B. Infection in IFNγ activated bone marrow derived macrophages from BALB/c mice. These results are the means and standard deviation derived from one representative of three independent experiments. C. Infection in resting bone marrow derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. D. Infection in IFNγ activated bone marrow derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. E. Infection in resting bone marrow derived macrophages from iNOS KO mice. F. Infection in IFNγ activated bone marrow derived macrophages from iNOS KO mice. The results are the means and SDs derived from triplicate wells. The experiments have been reproductively repeated once. Solid square: WT <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Rv. Open square: YHΔ<i>tpx.</i> Solid triangle, YH<i>tpx</i>Comp.</p