Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors

We report quantitative relations between corruption level and economic factors, such as country wealth and foreign investment per capita, which are characterized by a power law spanning multiple scales of wealth and investments per capita. These relations hold for diverse countries, and also remain stable over different time periods. We also observe a negative correlation between level of corruption and long-term economic growth. We find similar results for two independent indices of corruption, suggesting that the relation between corruption and wealth does not depend on the specific measure of corruption. The functional relations we report have implications when assessing the relative level of corruption for two countries with comparable wealth, and for quantifying the impact of corruption on economic growth and foreign investments.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

幼若ラットを利用した脳におけるビオチンの役割に関する研究

兵庫県立大学大学院博士（環境人間学）2014doctoral thesi

献辞[相田愼一教授]

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Amelia Brereton. (To accompany bill H.R. no. 287).

29-1ClaimsReport : Petition of A. Brereton. [489] Wife of physician appointed to treat all Indians visiting Washington, D.C.; 1821-29.1846-6

中信地域における補修を必要とする橋梁点検調査2

applicationIt is generally proposed to set aim 200 years as span of fatigue design. It is significant to keep the good condition of bridge for a long time. This study investigates present inspection of charge and maintenance. We experiment about some examples of actual bridges with a crack. We report these researches in Chuhsin-area again.departmental bulletin pape

Selection of Grammatical Voice in Spoken Indonesian : A case in Bali Dialect

departmental bulletin pape

Claim of Joseph Campbell. Letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate from the Attorney-General of appropriation to pay the account of Joseph Campbell for services as assistant to the United States Attorney at the trial of certain Indians of Arizona for murder.

50-1AppropriationsReport : Claim of of J. Campbell. [2561] Assistant to U.S. attorney in Arizana; trial of Apaches.1888-27

黛敏郎の器楽作品における音響的表現 : 《涅槃交響曲》におけるカンパノロジー・エフェクトを中心に

東京藝術大学博士 (学術)平成25年度doctoral thesi

Determination of Adequate pH of Electrolyzed Acidic Water for Disinfection, Under Consideration of Sub-Effective Corrosion Against Metals

Electrolyzed acidic water (EAW) is one of the most commonly used disinfectants. EAW has sufficient bactericidal efficacy; however, it corrodes instruments in clinical settings. The component that significantly contribute to the bactericidal efficacy of EAW is hypochlorous acid (HClO). According to the equilibrium of free residual chlorine (FRC), the ratio of HClO in solution is maximum at approximately pH 5–6. Considering the balance between bactericidal efficacy and corrosion, a higher pH of EAW should provide optimal bactericidal efficacy. In this study, we examined the bactericidal efficacy of EAW at pHs 2.2, 3.5, and 5.0. As a result, EAW at pH 2.2 showed the highest bactericidal efficacy. The reason for the enhanced bactericidality of EAW at pH 2.2 was considered to be the synergistic effect of both FRC and acidity. However, because the corrosive effects of EAW at pHs 2.2, 3.5, and 5.0 were almost the same, it was not confirmed that higher pHs could prevent metal corrosion. This study revealed that the optimum pH of EAW as a disinfectant should be predominantly considered in relation to the bactericidal potential of EAW.departmental bulletin pape

Cytotoxicity of amyloid fibrils derived from hen lysozyme with different properties on SH-SY5Y and cytoprotective effect of prunus mume extracts

Protein misfolding is associated with formation of amyloid fibrils. Hen egg lysozyme, well-known for its structural properties, has been shown by atomic force microscopy to form needle-shaped amyloid fibrils under acidic conditions with high temperature. When disulfide bonds of hen lysozyme were reduced by reductant TCEP, it formed noodle-shaped amyloid fibrils. Difference in thioflavin T and 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence of these fibrils suggested difference in structural properties. The needle-shaped amyloid fibrils exerted cytotoxicity on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, but noodle-shaped amyloid fibrils did not. The reason for cytotoxicity being exerted only by needle-shaped amyloid fibrils was thought to be due to the difference in properties, such as fibril surface and inter-/intra-molecule structure. This finding indicates the importance of studying the interaction between the amyloid fibril surface and inter-/intra-molecular structural properties and cells. We also investigated whether Prunus mume extracts protect SH-SY5Y cells from hen lysozyme amyloid-induced toxicity. The Prunus mume seed extract protected the cells from needle-shaped amyloid toxicity. Prunus mume could therefore potentially prevent amyloid-related disease.Original Articleothe