34 research outputs found
TISSUE DAMAGE BY DIQUAT REVEALED BY ASCORBATE FREE RADICAL FORMATION
In vitro formation of ascorbate radical (A・-) has been demonstrated for the supernatant fractions of homogenates of rat spleen, lung, kidney, liver, heart and testis after chronic administration of diquat (DQ) to the animals. Male ODS rats, unable to synthesize ascorbic acid (AH2) , were fed with or without 587 ppm DQ in the diet for 14 days. The supernatants of the tissue homogenates were kept at 4℃ for various intervals, and their A・- levels were measured by an electron spin resonance (ESR) method. At the beginning of the measurements, A・- was detected only in the supernatant fractions of the spleen and lung of both untreated and treated rats. In the spleen supernatant of the treated rat, A・- level increased to twice the initial level at 2 h and decreased to 0.2-0.6-fold of the initial level at 24 h, whereas that in control rat spleen supernatant increased slowly to 1.1 times the initial level at 3 h and decreased to 0.7-fold at 24 h. The maximum A・- level in the treated rat lung supernatant was only 1. 2 times that of the control. In the supernatant fractions of other organs of both untreated and treated rats, such as the kidney, liver, heart and testis, A・- was not detected initially but became detectable according to time; in the treated kidney and liver supernatant fractions, the maximum A・- levels were nearly twice those of controls, like in the spleen homogenate. For heart and testis homogenates, no significant differences were observed between test and control samples. The level of DQ, known・to be metabolized in the liver, was highest in the spleen followed by the kidney. Direct addition of DQ to control organ homogenates, however, neither enhanced nor quenched A・- formation. Therefore, the formation of A・- in tissue supernatant of the treated rats may be due to induction of A・- forming oxidative enzyme(s) and/or due to formation of reactive oxygen species during chronic exposure of the animals to DQ. Our results also indicate that A・- is one of the good indicators of tissue damages.journal articl
The Keynesian System and the Investmen Effect on Productive Capacity (2)
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Intranasal Inoculation of Mouse, Rat or Rabbit-Derived Pneumocystis to SCID Mice
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Performance assessment of students' language proficiency ― From "Rubric of research presentation" ―
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