Numerical studies on ultrarelativistic ion motions in an oblique magnetosonic shock wave

The motion of ultrarelativistic ions in an oblique magnetosonic shock wave is studied analytically and numerically. The zeroth-order theory predicts that an oblique shock wave can accelerate ions in the direction nearly parallel to the magnetic field if the shock speed is vsh ? c?cos?θ, where θ is the angle between the wave normal and the magnetic field, while the perturbation is a one-dimensional oscillation nearly perpendicular to the zeroth-order motion. The perturbation frequency ω is of the order of Ωi0γ?1/2, where γ is the Lorentz factor of the zeroth-order velocity. These theoretical predictions are examined with test particle simulations, in which the test particle orbits are calculated with use of the electromagnetic fields of a shock wave obtained from an electromagnetic particle simulation. The zeroth-order and perturbed motions in the simulations are explained by the theory

Regional Studies Created Through Practical Education : Learning from Natural Sustenance Activities

departmental bulletin pape

ホワイトカラーの価値観と教会の役割

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カラマツの900℃ニッケル触媒炭化で得られた結晶性メソ孔木質炭素の染料とデキストランの液相吸着

For crystallized mesoporous carbon (CMC) obtained by carbonization of nickel-loaded larch at 900℃, its liquid phase adsorption capacity for dyes and dextrans was examined before and after pulverization followed by washing with acid. By pulverization, graphitic nano shell chains as the crystallized form of CMC were fragmented into raspberry-shaped nano shell carbon particles accompanying the increase of mesopore volume and width. These morphological and pore structural changes brought about great increase in the adsorption amounts of both adsorbates. Subsequent washing with acid to remove coexisting nickel led to further increase in the amount of dextrans to surpass commercial mesoporous carbon in the adsorption capacity, although it was disadvantageous for the adsorption of dyes. As removal of the metal for its recovery and reuse is also industrially preferable, pulverization and subsequent washing with acid were post-treatments suitable for practical production of an adsorbent for non-polar polymers from CMC.カラマツの900℃ニッケル触媒炭化で得られた結晶性メソ孔木炭(CMC)について、染料とデキストランの液相吸着能を粉砕-酸洗浄の前後で調べた。粉砕するとCMCの結晶形態であるグラファイトナノシェルチェーンはラズベリー型のナノシェル炭素に分解すると共にメソ孔の体積と径が増大した。これらの形態と細孔構造変化は両吸着物の吸着量を大きく増加させた。引き続く共存ニッケル除去のための酸洗浄はデキストランの吸着量をさらに増加させ、市販のメソ孔炭素の性能を上回った。回収、再使用のためのニッケル除去は工業的にも好ましいので、粉砕と引き続く酸洗浄はCMCからの非極性高分子吸着剤の実用生産に適した後処理であった。journal articl

Small artificial impoundments have big implications for hydrology and freshwater biodiversity

Headwater streams are critical for freshwater ecosystems. Global and continental studies consistently show major dams as dominant sources of hydrological stress threatening biodiversity in the world’s major rivers, but cumulative impacts from small artificial impoundments (SAIs) concentrated in headwater streams have rarely been acknowledged. Using the Murray Darling River basin (Australia) and the Arkansas River basin (US) as case studies, we examined the hydrological impacts of SAIs. The extent of their influence is considerable, altering hydrology in 280–380% more waterways as compared to major dams. Hydrological impacts are concentrated in smaller streams (catchment area <100 km2), raising concerns that the often diverse and highly endemic biota found in these systems may be under threat. Adjusting existing biodiversity planning and management approaches to address the cumulative effects of many small and widely distributed artificial impoundments presents a rapidly emerging challenge for ecologically sustainable water management

Relationship between reported net usage (proportion of people sleeping under nets) and net ownership (number of nets per person)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/7/121</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2007;7():121-121.</p><p>Published online 25 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211306.</p><p></p

The frequency distribution of the age of nets in houses sampled for mosquitoes () and () a 15-year old polyethylene net still in use in Namwawala village, July 2004

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/7/121</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2007;7():121-121.</p><p>Published online 25 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211306.</p><p></p> This net was verified to still be in use at the time of publication, 18 years after initial distribution

Relationship between reported net usage (proportion of people sleeping under nets) and Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) experienced by non users and net usage (open circles: ; open squares: ; solid diamonds: Total)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/7/121</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2007;7():121-121.</p><p>Published online 25 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211306.</p><p></p

The distribution of sex and physiological status of mosquitoes caught in CDC light traps during the course of the study

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/7/121</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2007;7():121-121.</p><p>Published online 25 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211306.</p><p></p

Crude biting rate estimates for mosquitoes (B) and monthly rainfall measurements in the Kilombero Valley during the study period

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/7/121</p><p>BMC Infectious Diseases 2007;7():121-121.</p><p>Published online 25 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2211306.</p><p></p> Thin solid line: ; thick solid line: ; thin dotted line: species