Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors

We report quantitative relations between corruption level and economic factors, such as country wealth and foreign investment per capita, which are characterized by a power law spanning multiple scales of wealth and investments per capita. These relations hold for diverse countries, and also remain stable over different time periods. We also observe a negative correlation between level of corruption and long-term economic growth. We find similar results for two independent indices of corruption, suggesting that the relation between corruption and wealth does not depend on the specific measure of corruption. The functional relations we report have implications when assessing the relative level of corruption for two countries with comparable wealth, and for quantifying the impact of corruption on economic growth and foreign investments.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Examining the impact of a communication-focused intervention on promoting first-year college students’ sense of adjustment to the school environment: a case study

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Behavioral interventions for reducing aggressive behavior of individuals with a brain injury

Individuals who suffer a brain injury often exhibit challenging behaviors that they previously did not display. Challenging behaviors may include various types of aggressive behaviors such as physical aggression toward individuals and/or objects as well as verbal aggression. Behavioral approach is one of psychological intervention procedures that are often employed to eliminate or reduce the frequency of aggressive behaviors. This article over viewed the occurrence of aggressive behaviors of individuals with a brain injury and outlined three types of behavioral interventions, the contingency management procedure, positive behavior intervention support, and a combination of both. All are based on the theory of operant conditioning that posits that behaviors are learned through consequences. Although behavioral interventions are widely employed to ameliorate undesirable behaviors, their effectiveness varies among individuals. Tips for choosing an appropriate procedure are discussed.Review Articleothe

Telerehabilitation and remote occupational therapy: research and practice in Japan and elsewhere

Telerehabilitation refers to providing rehabilitation services from a remote location using information and communication technology. It is already in operation for certain patients who cannot easily access hospitals and other facilities, and it widens access to rehabilitation services. In Japan, the impact of COVID-19 has made it difficult to provide face-to-face rehabilitation, and the pandemic has drawn attention to the use and potential of telerehabilitation. In the field of occupational therapy, telerehabilitation has been practiced to people in various age groups with a variety of medical conditions in several countries. In this review article, we summarize efforts and highlight important research on telerehabilitation in Japan and elsewhere, with particular attention to its use in the field of occupational therapy.REVIEW ARTICLEothe