工芸品産地におけるアーティスト・イン・レジデンスの研究 : 滋賀県および台湾の窯業地域における事例を通じて

departmental bulletin pape

CD40/CD40 LIGAND INTERACTIONS IN IMMUNE RESPONSES AND PULMONARY IMMUNITY

2011-08The CD40 ligand/CD40 pathway is widely recognized for its prominent role in immune regulation and homeostasis. CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is expressed by antigenpresenting cells, as well as non-immune cells and tumors. The engagement of the CD40 and CD40 ligands, which are transiently expressed on T cells and other non-immune cells under inflammatory conditions, regulates a wide spectrum of molecular and cellular processes, including the initiation and progression of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity. Based on recent research findings, the engagement of the CD40 with a deregulated amount of CD40 ligand has been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases. We will discuss the involvement of the CD40 ligand/CD40 interaction in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases, atherothrombosis, cancer, and respiratory diseases.departmental bulletin pape

<地域研究>イオンモール京都桂川による地域経済への波及効果

departmental bulletin pape

Functions of Reference Group and It's Effects on the Need for Self-recognition

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Assessment of carbon contamination in MgAl2O4 spinel during spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) processing

Carbon contamination caused during spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) processing was investigated in the MgAl2O4 spinel by Raman spectroscopy. Although the carbon contamination became remarkable around the sample surfaces directly contacting the carbon paper, it sensitively changes with the SPS conditions, particularly for the heating rate. For the slow heating rate of 10°C/min, the carbon contamination can be detected around the surface regions rather than inside. For the high heating rate, however, a large amount of the carbon contamination was detected even inside in addition to the significant contamination around the surfaces even though the sintering temperature is the same and the processing time is shorter as compared to those of the slow heating rate. The present results suggest that the carbon contamination is not caused by diffusion processes, but caused by evaporation of the carbon phase from the carbon paper/dies, which were used in the SPS process. For the high heating rates, the carbon evaporation is enhanced due to the rapid heating and goes into the samples through open pore channels. The evaporated carbon is encapsulated into the closed pores during the heating process and remains along the grain junctions as glassy carbon.journal articl

Maximum parsimony tree of available HV4a1a control region sequences (HVS-I sequence motif: C16221T-C16291T).

<p>This tree includes the ones inferred from the complete genomes considered in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032851#pone-0032851-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. The area of the circles is proportional to the sample size. Population codes (within circles) are as follows: Iberia: CA = Cantabria (central-northern), CL = Castile León (north-central), BC = Basque Country (central-northern), CM = Castile La Mancha (north-central), AR = Aragón (north-central, GA = Galicia (north-western), AS = Asturias (north-central), NA = Navarra (north-central), France: FR = France, MT = Martinique; Canada: CN = Canada, GP = Gaspesia (south-east), AC = Acadia (south-east), LY = Loyalists (south-east), TI = Prince Edward Island, Tignish (south-east), IT = Italy; GB = Great Britain, RL = Ireland, USA = United States of America, NW = Norway; DN = Denmark; AF = Afghanistan.</p

Map of Europe showing the frequency distribution of haplogroup HV4a1a.

<p>Blue crosses represent the location of the sampling points (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032851#pone.0032851.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a> for more information). Arrows represent a tentative reconstruction of the pre-historical and historical movements of HV4 and its sub-lineages across Europe and America. The scale indicates the absolute frequency of the HV4a1a mtDNAs in the regions sampled.</p

Molecular divergences and age estimates (Maximum Likelihood and ρ Statistics) for HV4 and its sub-clades.

<p>Delta T indicates the standard deviation computed using the two different age estimation methods.</p>a<p>number of complete mtDNA sequences.</p>b<p>using the corrected molecular clock proposed by Soares et al. (2009) for complete mtDNA genomes which is 0.0074±0.00019 substitutions per site.</p

Maximum parsimony tree of entire mtDNA genomes belonging to haplogroup HV4.

<p>The mutations are displayed along the branches. The position of the revised Cambridge reference sequence (rCRS) is indicated for reading off sequence motifs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032851#pone.0032851-Andrews1" target="_blank">[15]</a>. All mutations are transitions unless a suffix specifies a transversion (A, C, G, T), an insertion (+), a synonymous substitution (s), a mutational change in tRNA (-t), a mutational change in rRNA (-r), a non-coding variant located in the mtDNA coding region (-nc) or an amino acid replacement (indicated in round brackets). Recurrent mutations within the phylogeny are underlined. The prefix “@” indicates a back mutation. Mutational hotspot variants such as 16182, 16183, or 16519, or a variation around position 310 and length or point heteroplasmies were not considered for the phylogenetic reconstruction. Divergence times correspond to the ML estimates reported in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0032851#pone-0032851-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Population codes (blue squares on top of circles) for the Cantabrian region: BC = Basque Country, CA = Cantabria, AS = Asturias, GA = Galicia, TE = Teruel, VA = Valladolid, SE = Segovia, GU = Guadalajara; FR = France; NA = Navarra.</p

Estimated Ages for Q Sub-Lineages in Mexico, Andes, Mongolia and Far East Asia and, in Comparative Populations.

a<p>samples with duplicated alleles and partial repeats were excluded.</p>b<p>Andes: Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.</p>c<p>Koryaks (present study), Evens <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071390#pone.0071390-Malyarchuk1" target="_blank">[59]</a>, Chukchi <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071390#pone.0071390-Regueiro1" target="_blank">[78]</a>.</p>d<p>DYS388 and DYS461 were not genotyped.</p>e<p>Altai Republic <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071390#pone.0071390-Dulik2" target="_blank">[51]</a>.</p>f<p>North America <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071390#pone.0071390-Dulik1" target="_blank">[49]</a>.</p>g<p>DYS461 was not genotyped.</p>h<p>Bolivia and Peru <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071390#pone.0071390-Jota1" target="_blank">[56]</a>.</p>i<p>Q-M120 (3) and Q-M25 (2) samples included, Q-L53* sample (1) not included because not genotyped for DYS461.</p>j<p>23.3±5.4 (48) without PV4.</p>k<p>20.7±3.7 (20) including outlier sample carrying DYS391 = 6 repeat.</p>l<p>including one Mi'kmaq from Nova Scotia and one First Nation from British Columbia.</p>m<p>with or without PV2.</p>n<p>15.4±6.5 (<i>6</i>) including outlier sample carrying DYS390 = 24 repeat; 18.5±7.7 (<i>6</i>) without DYS388 and DYS461; 9.1±3.0 (<i>5</i>) excluding outlier sample carrying DYS390 = 24 repeat and without DYS388 and DYS461.</p