Spatial and temporal distribution of growth factors receptors in the callus: Implications for improvement of distraction osteogenesis

2011-08Management of bone deficits by distraction osteogenesis is an appreciated but lengthy procedure. To accelerate the consolidation of newly formed distraction callus, an administration of growth factors into the distraction gap has been suggested. Changes in expression of growth factors receptors in the distracted callus during consolidation were studied in order to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and to provide a scientific basis for clinical application of growth factors. In a model of rat bone lengthening the expression of receptors for: vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor b1, insulin like growth factor and platelet derived growth factor were evaluated semiquantitatively with immunohistochemistry and quantitatively with real time PCR in various callus zones at zero, one and two weeks of consolidation. Overall growth factors receptors’ expression was highest at the beginning of consolidation. It was strongest in the trabecular bone and weakest in the fibrous zone. Transforming growth factor b receptor 1 was most abundant and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, although scarce, showed the most consistent expression. In contrast to the osteogenic zones, the fibrous zone demonstrated a dramatic loss of the growth factors receptors over time. High growth factors receptors expression shortly after termination of the distraction may warrant the maximal callus’ response to injected growth factors. Rapid decline of growth factors receptors in the fibrous zone may imply its decreasing sensitivity to growth factors and, as a consequence, a declining osteogenic potential.departmental bulletin pape

Conflicts between Nation-State and Ethnicity : British Policies of Segregation and Assimilation in Ireland

application/pdfdepartmental bulletin pape

<地域研究>東京都区部における​「新旧併存化地域」の実態に関する研究

departmental bulletin pape

Efficient Scattering Analysis of Arbitrarily Shaped Local Defect in Diffraction Grating

We propose an algorithm for the scattering analyses of gratings with various local defects based on the difference-field boundary-element method (DFBEM). In the algorithm, the defect in the grating is partitioned, and the DFBEM is sequentially applied for each defect section. We validate the proposed algorithm by demonstrating its flexibility for various defect topologies for a locally deformed grating.journal articl

CNS transcriptomes respond to caloric restriction in a region- and age-dependent manner

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Gene expression atlas of the mouse central nervous system: impact and interactions of age, energy intake and gender"</p><p>http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/11/R234</p><p>Genome Biology 2007;8(11):R234-R234.</p><p>Published online 7 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2258177.</p><p></p> CNS gene expression responses to CR. Metabolic and signaling pathways in which genes were significantly affected by CR in all five CNS regions. Red, upregulated; blue, downregulated. CNS AAGs reverted by CR. The percentage of AAGs reverted by CR is shown at the top of each bar. Note that the spinal cord exhibits a much larger percentage of upregulated AAGs that are reverted by CR compared to the other CNS regions. Gene lists are in Table S4a,c in Additional data file 1

Benthic deep-sea fauna in the Sea of Kumano, Mie Prefecture, Japan

application/pdfIn this study, we had investigated the benthic deep-sea fauna using the dredge and beam trawl in the region from the continental shelf to the continental slope of the Sea of Kumano, Mie Prefecture, during the No．1722 research voyage of the training ship Seisui-Maru of Mie University. The survey was carried out at 16 stations covering a depth range of 113－1059 m. The results of the survey, 14 phyla had been confirmed. Arthropod, echinoderm, annelid and molluscan macrobenthos were collected from all of the stations. The phylum number of each station was in the range from 4 to 11. The largest number of phyla had been confi rmed at St．10D of boulders bottom（768－800 m depth）. Meiobenthos confi rmed in our sample were kinorhynchs, nematodes, tardigrades, loriciferans and small arthropods such as tanaidaceans, copepods and cumaceans. In addition to free-living species, parasitic copepods, isopods, platyhelminthes, acanthocephalans and nematodes had been found in fish, crustaceans and polychaetes.departmental bulletin pape