イギリスにおける生活賃金の現状と日本への示唆

departmental bulletin pape

Spatial and temporal distribution of growth factors receptors in the callus: Implications for improvement of distraction osteogenesis

2011-08Management of bone deficits by distraction osteogenesis is an appreciated but lengthy procedure. To accelerate the consolidation of newly formed distraction callus, an administration of growth factors into the distraction gap has been suggested. Changes in expression of growth factors receptors in the distracted callus during consolidation were studied in order to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and to provide a scientific basis for clinical application of growth factors. In a model of rat bone lengthening the expression of receptors for: vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor b1, insulin like growth factor and platelet derived growth factor were evaluated semiquantitatively with immunohistochemistry and quantitatively with real time PCR in various callus zones at zero, one and two weeks of consolidation. Overall growth factors receptors’ expression was highest at the beginning of consolidation. It was strongest in the trabecular bone and weakest in the fibrous zone. Transforming growth factor b receptor 1 was most abundant and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, although scarce, showed the most consistent expression. In contrast to the osteogenic zones, the fibrous zone demonstrated a dramatic loss of the growth factors receptors over time. High growth factors receptors expression shortly after termination of the distraction may warrant the maximal callus’ response to injected growth factors. Rapid decline of growth factors receptors in the fibrous zone may imply its decreasing sensitivity to growth factors and, as a consequence, a declining osteogenic potential.departmental bulletin pape

<地域研究>東京都区部における​「新旧併存化地域」の実態に関する研究

departmental bulletin pape

Consensus networks.

<p><b>A</b>) displays the consensus network for the DR3/DR3 and the DR3/DRX risk groups. <b>B</b>) displays the consensus network for the DR3/DR4 and the DR4/DRX risk group. <b>C</b>) displays the consensus network for the DR4/DR4 risk group. Proteins encoded from genes in the HLA region are shown in red.</p

Flow cytometric evaluation of spleen after treatment with anti-IL20.

<p>At termination of the experiment, the spleen was removed and presence of B cells (A), CD8 T cells (B), CD4 T cells (C) and CD11bGr1int macrophages (D) was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Each group had four spleen evaluated. Statistical evaluation is performed with 1-way ANOVA.</p

Genes in consensus network of the DR3/DR3 and DR3/DRX groups.

<p>GO terms on biological process and molecular function from <a href="http://www.geneontology.org" target="_blank">www.geneontology.org</a>.</p><p>Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa beta; STAT1, signal transduction and activator of transcription 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; HDAC, histone deacteylase; NO, nitric oxide; INS, insulinoma.</p

The top significant networks modules identified for each HLA risk group.

a)<p>Bait specifies the protein that was used to capture each network.</p>b)<p>The p-value after permutation for each HLA risk group.</p>c)<p>The p-value without HLA risk group stratification as a reference.</p>d)<p>The p-value for each protein network after correction with the reference.</p

P-value distribution for HLA specific networks and the reference group.

<p><b>A</b>) DR3/DR3: most extreme deviation higher D = 0.2083, p<0.001. <b>B</b>) DR3/DRX: most extreme deviation higher D = 0.3347, p<0.001. <b>C</b>) DR3/DR4: most extreme deviation lower D = 0.2890, p<0.001. <b>D</b>) DR4/DR4: most extreme deviation lower D = 0.4772, p<0.001. <b>E</b>) DR4/DRX: most extreme deviation lower D = 0.1586, p<0.001. <b>F</b>) DRX/DRX: most extreme deviation lower D = 0.3199, p<0.001. Dashed line: HLA risk group, solid line: reference group.</p

Overview of predicted interactions in network D.

<p>Protein-protein interactions originates from identified genetic interactions between a region on chromosome 17 (around <i>D17S798, DDX52</i> and <i>RPL23A</i>) and regions on chromosome 5 (<i>D5S429, NPM1</i> and <i>RPL26L1</i>), chromosome 1 (<i>D1S197, PRDX1</i>) and chromosome 2 (<i>D2P25, RPS7</i>), respectively. Through the <i>PRDX1</i> gene in the <i>D1S197</i> region the network is linked to the <i>FLOT1</i> gene in the HLA-region. The <i>NGB, SESN1</i> and <i>SESN2</i> genes are positioned on chromosomes 14q24.3, 6q21 and 1p35.3, respectively. No differential expression in lymphocytes were identified, but the <i>NPM1</i> gene was significantly down-regulated and the <i>PRDX1</i> gene significantly up-regulated by cytokine-stimulation of human pancreatic islets.</p

Genes in consensus networks of the DR3/DR4, DR4/DR4 and DR4/DRX groups.

<p>GO terms on biological process and molecular function from <a href="http://www.geneontology.org" target="_blank">www.geneontology.org</a>.</p><p>Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate.</p