16-6-20 : 高速ガラ紡機の開発と難紡性性繊維の紡糸

近年，特殊原料の開発や資源の節約化により多品種少量生産や特殊糸の生産，また繊維の再利用も求められている. しかし従来の大量生産用の紡績法では対応できない.そこで，工程が簡単な割には比較的太さが均一な糸ができ，従来の紡績法では紡げない難紡性の材料でも紡げるなどの特徴を持つ，明治時代に日本で独自に開発されたガラ紡機に着目した.しかし，ガラ紡機は高速化が難しく生産性が悪いという欠点がある.それを解消するためガラ紡機をメカトロニクス化したメカトロガラ紡を開発し，紡糸の高速化を目指している.Article文部科学省2 1世紀COEプログラム「先進ファイバー工学研究教育拠点」研究成果報告書13:249-250(2007)research repor

K-point longitudinal acoustic phonons are responsible for ultrafast intervalley scattering in monolayer MoSe2

In transition metal dichalcogenides, valley depolarization through intervalley carrier scattering by zone-edge phonons is often unavoidable. Although valley depolarization processes related to various acoustic phonons have been suggested, their optical verification is still vague due to nearly degenerate phonon frequencies on acoustic phonon branches at zone-edge momentums. Here we report an unambiguous phonon momentum determination of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons at the K point, which are responsible for the ultrafast valley depolarization in monolayer MoSe2. Using sub-10-fs-resolution pump-probe spectroscopy, we observed coherent phonons signals at both even and odd-orders of zone-edge LA mode involved in intervalley carrier scattering process. Our phonon-symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations reveal that only the LA phonon at the K point, as opposed to the M point, can produce experimental odd-order LA phonon signals from its nonlinear optical modulation. This work will provide momentum-resolved descriptions of phonon-carrier intervalley scattering processes in valleytronic materials.journal articl

GENE ISOLATION AND PRODUCTION OF THERMOSTABLE ENZYMES DERIVED FROM A THERMOPHILIC ANAEROBE

名古屋大学Nagoya University博士(工学)名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士(工学) (論文) 学位授与年月日:平成5年12月28日doctoral thesi

Parameter Values Used In Simulations.

<p>Parameter values used in the model are given along with their descriptions. Applicable references or notes are given. Uncited parameters were chosen <i>a priori</i> and are not fitted. The initial condition for establishing a (luminal) <i>Shigella</i> infection is given. Other initial conditions are taken from the equilibria in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059465#pone-0059465-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Abbreviations: d: day, Ab: antibodies, pc: plasma cells, mc: B cells, bact: <i>Shigella</i> bacterium, hl: half-life.</p

Dynamics of the mathematical model for a primary infection.

<p>Here, the model is initialized at a fully naive state (the trivial equilibrium) with 1,000 luminal <i>Shigella</i> bacteria. Resulting model dynamics over 45 days are displayed. (a) Bacterial dynamics are shown in the lumen, in the lamina propria (LP, which combines population numbers before and after macrophage engulfment), inside innate immune cells (macrophages) during engulfment, and in epithelial cells. (b) Antibody dynamics are shown for lamina propria IgG, lamina propria IgA, and luminal IgA. Total antibody levels are also given. (c) ASC and B dynamics are given on a log scale. These are separated into IgA- versus IgG-type cells. The populations equilibrate to the values shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059465#pone-0059465-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

The number of antibodies needed to control an epithelial <i>Shigella</i> infection is shown.

<p>We examine the quantity of IgA and/or IgG antibodies that must be present prior to a post-vaccine or secondary infection to sufficiently contain the infection. We initialize the model with IgG and/or total IgA numbers each varying from through antibodies and display the peak number of non-luminal <i>Shigella</i> organisms by day 45. The unboosted model’s post-vaccine equilibrium of antibodies is four orders-of-magnitude less than what is necessary to keep the <i>Shigella</i> epithelial population below 100 bacteria. (a,b) Figure b displays horizonal slices through the surface in a. With the parameters in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059465#pone-0059465-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>, 20% of total IgA reaches the lumen, where it functions; thus, we fix the ratio of initial luminal IgA to total IgA at . Comparing x- and y-intercepts for each contour line reveals that with only 20% of IgA functional, slightly more total IgA alone is needed to be as effective as IgG alone. (c) We change the ratio of initial luminal IgA to total IgA to 1, and thus 100% of total IgA reaches the lumen and is functional. The surface that was sliced to create c is not shown. The resulting intercepts for peak day-45 <i>Shigella</i> numbers reveal that with the number of functional IgA identical to the number of functional IgG, IgA is slightly more effective than IgG.</p

Bacterial and immune dynamics when the model includes antibody targeting of epithelial entry.

<p>If the model allows for IgG to nonmechanistically modulate the rate at which lamina propria (LP) <i>Shigella</i> enters epithelial cells, these post-vaccine dynamics result. Notably, the epithelial bacterial population is restricted to nearly zero levels.</p

Effects of various parameters on primary infection dynamics are evaluated.

<p>Only one parameter type varies in each figure; other parameters are fixed to the values given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059465#pone-0059465-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. (a–d) Creation rates of new plasma cells from naive B cells during an infection (, , , and ) are varied together from to pc/bact/d. (e–f) The time delay for new plasma or B creation from naive B cells () is varied from to d. (i–l) The initial delay until naive B cell activation in an infection is varied from to d. The following results are tracked for each parameter: (a,e,f) the peak number of total antibody (IgG plus IgA), (b,f,j) the timing of the antibody peak, (c,g,k) the peak number of <i>Shigella</i> in the lumen (L), in the lamina propria (LP), engulfed in innate immune cells (I), and in the epithelium (E), (d,h,l) the timing of the <i>Shigella</i> peak in the aforementioned compartments as well as the time at which the total number of non-epithelial <i>Shigella</i> drops below one bacterium (LLPI Decay). Abbreviations: Ab: antibodies, d: day, bact: bacteria, pc: plasma cells, L: lumen, LP: lamina propria, I: engulfed in innate immune cells, E: epithelium, Log: logarithmic scale, : the number on the x-axis should be used as the exponent of to obtain the true value.</p

Effects of various parameters on post-vaccine dynamics are evaluated.

<p>Only one parameter type varies in each figure; other parameters are fixed to the values given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059465#pone-0059465-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. (a–d) The natural antibody death rates (, , and ) are varied together from to /d. (e–f) The rates that a <i>Shigella</i> bacterium is neutralized by antibody ( for IgA and for IgG) are varied together from to /Ab/d. (i–l) The B carrying capacities ( and ) are varied from to cells. The following results are tracked for each parameter: (a,e,f) the peak number of total antibody (lamina propria IgG plus lamina propria and luminal IgA), (b,f,j) the timing of the antibody peak, (c,g,k) the peak number of <i>Shigella</i> in the lumen (L), in the lamina propria (LP), engulfed in innate immune cells (I), and in the epithelium (E), (d,h,l) the timing of the <i>Shigella</i> peak in the aforementioned compartments as well as the time at which the total number of non-epithelial <i>Shigella</i> drops below one bacterium (LLPI Decay). Abbreviations: Ab: antibodies, d: day, L: lumen, LP: lamina propria, I: engulfed in innate immune cells, E: epithelium, Log: logarithmic scale, : the number on the x-axis should be used as the exponent of to obtain the true value.</p

Simplified schematic of the predicted interactions of <i>Shigella</i> and the host in the gut.

<p>We translate bacterial pathogenesis (blue) plus antibody and B cell dynamics (red) seen in vivo (left) to mathematical reactions (right). The most severe symptoms result when <i>Shigella</i> escapes the humoral immune response by infecting epithelial cells. Prior to this, <i>Shigella</i> can be removed by antibodies (luminal IgA or lamina propria IgG targeting LPS in <i>Shigella</i>’s outer membrane) or engulfed by macrophages (from which it escapes or is destroyed). Delay in creation of new B cells from naive cells during infection is included in the model. Abbreviations: : <i>Shigella</i>, : IgA, : IgG, : B, : ASC, : in Lamina Propria, : Luminal, : Epithelial, Engulfed.</p