留学による成長をいかに可視化し評価として担保するか : 留学プログラム「グローバル・フィールドワーク・プロジェクト」の到達目標デザインに着目して

departmental bulletin pape

B-Mode Echocardiographic Identification of Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles in the Isolated Canine Hearts

1978-03In order to identify which papillary muscle recorded in a B-mode echocardiogram was the posterior or anterior one, 22 isolated canine hearts were cut through a cross-section identical with the B-mode echocardiogram. Hearts were carefully suspended horizontally in physiologic saline solution to prevent any change in their position. The papillary muscles were presumed to be echoes emerging from the left ventricular wall or protruding into the left ventricular cavity. In the experiment of cutting the posterior papillary muscle, eight papillary muscles of nine hearts were easily identified and cut almost in half longitudinally. In contrast, it was difficult to identify the anterior papillary muscle and in only four cases of 13 hearts was the papillary muscle cut almost in half longitudinally. However, nine anterior papillary muscles were cut somewhere in total. The papillary muscle was not detected it: one case and the cutting plane deviated from the papillary muscle in three hearts, medially in one and laterally in two cases. The B-mode echocardiogram of the identified posterior papillary muscle showed that it emerged from the left ventricular posterior wall and there was a wide space in front of it. In contrast, the anterior papillary muscle cut almost in half longitudinally protruded into the left ventricular cavity and showed a finger-like shape. There was a narrow space in front and behind.departmental bulletin pape

戸建住宅における電気エネルギー消費に関する研究 : 主に東北地方を対象とした太陽光発電の有効性の検討

1. The purpose of this research is to make the map of solar power generation of the whole country to examine the validity of each region in Japan. Then this research calculated effects on an economical and environmental evaluation when solar power generation was introduced in detached houses. 2. By using the system of solar power generation effectively, investigation of the actual condition of the energy consumption and of the actual measurement of electric energy consumption are carried out. The effect of solar power generation are examined by comparing it with the electric energy consumption that was consumed in detached houses. 3.The effects on an economy and environmental evaluation are examined by introducing the detached houses in seven prefectures in Touhoku area of Japan. Finally the validity of the system of solar power generation are examined.journal articl

Properties of Transcripts Significantly Correlated with Gonadal Fat Mass

<div><p>(A) Distribution of <i>p</i>-values for trait–gene correlations between transcripts and gonadal fat mass. At FDR = 0.01, 4,613 transcripts are significantly correlated with the trait.</p><p><b>(</b>B) Number of eQTLs generated by the 4,613 genes significantly correlated with gonadal fat mass. Of these, 1,130 genes possessed at least one significant eQTL.</p><p>(C) Distribution of 1,478 eQTLs significantly correlated with gonadal fat mass across the genome in 2-cM bins.</p><p>(D) Identification of genomic regions enriched for eQTLs correlated with gonadal fat mass. The <i>x</i>-axis represents genome position in 2-cM bins, and the <i>y</i>-axis represents the −log₁₀ Fisher exact test <i>p</i>-value for enrichment of eQTLs in overlapping 6-cM bins. The dashed line corresponds to <i>p</i> = 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons. One significantly enriched region on Chromosome 19 is shown. The Chromosome 19 (40-cM) hotspot is coincident with a cQTL for gonadal fat mass and is highlighted in red.</p></div

Datasheet1_Identification of a pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure signature in peripheral blood leukocytes at 24 hours post-ICU admission with machine learning.pdf

BackgroundThere is no generalizable transcriptomics signature of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our goal was to identify a whole blood differential gene expression signature for pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) using transcriptomic microarrays within twenty-four hours of diagnosis. We used publicly available human whole-blood gene expression arrays of a Berlin-defined pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (GSE147902) cohort and a sepsis-triggered AHRF (GSE66099) cohort within twenty-four hours of diagnosis and compared those children with a PaO2/FiO2 aO2/FiO2 ≥ 200.ResultsWe used stability selection, a bootstrapping method of 100 simulations using logistic regression as a classifier, to select differentially expressed genes associated with a PaO2/FiO2 aO2/FiO2 ≥ 200. The top-ranked genes that contributed to the AHRF signature were selected in each dataset. Genes common to both of the top 1,500 ranked gene lists were selected for pathway analysis. Pathway and network analysis was performed using the Pathway Network Analysis Visualizer (PANEV) and Reactome was used to perform an over-representation gene network analysis of the top-ranked genes common to both cohorts. Changes in metabolic pathways involved in energy balance, fundamental cellular processes such as protein translation, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, immune signaling, and inflammation are differentially regulated early in pediatric ARDS and sepsis-induced AHRF compared to both healthy controls and to milder acute hypoxemia. Specifically, fundamental pathways related to the severity of hypoxemia emerged and included (1) ribosomal and eukaryotic initiation of factor 2 (eIF2) regulation of protein translation and (2) the nutrient, oxygen, and energy sensing pathway, mTOR, activated via PI3K/AKT signaling.ConclusionsCellular energetics and metabolic pathways are important mechanisms to consider to further our understanding of the heterogeneity and underlying pathobiology of moderate and severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our findings are hypothesis generating and support the study of metabolic pathways and cellular energetics to understand heterogeneity and underlying pathobiology of moderate and severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children.</p

Heat Map of Liver Gene Expression

<p>Over 2,300 of the most differentially expressed genes in liver hierarchically clustered by animals (<i>x</i>-axis) against transcript levels (<i>y</i>-axis). Expression is reported as mlratio of individual experiment against a common pool. Red is over- and green underrepresented relative to pool.</p

Properties of All Liver eQTLs

<div><p>(A) Distribution of all significant liver eQTLs across the genome in 2-cM bins. A total of 6,676 significant eQTLs were realized, representing 4,998 liver transcripts. Hotspots of nonrandom eQTL colocalization are clearly evident.</p><p>(B) Distribution of eQTLs with significant sex-specific effects. A total of 1,166 eQTLs representing 1,044 transcripts show an eQTL hotspot on Chromosome 5.</p><p>(C) Properties of eQTLs at increasing significance levels. As the threshold for significant linkage increases (<i>p</i>-value decreases, or LOD score increases), the proportion of <i>cis</i>-eQTLs (black) increases. The fraction of all eQTLs with sex effects (red) and <i>cis</i>-eQTLs with sex effects (blue) remains relatively constant at increasing thresholds. The dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold (<i>p</i> < 5 × 10⁻⁵; genome-wide <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p>(D) Properties of sex-specific eQTLs at increasing significance levels. For eQTLs with significant sex effects, as with all eQTLs, the proportion of <i>cis</i>-eQTLs (black) increases and <i>trans</i> (blue) decreases as the threshold for significance increases. At the genome-wide threshold for significance (dashed line), over 70% of eQTLs with significant sex effects are <i>trans.</i></p></div

The Effects of Sex on <i>Trans</i>-eQTL Correlated with Gonadal Fat Mass

<div><p>(A) Example of the effect of genotype at a <i>trans</i> locus on gene expression. Presence of homozygous B6 (BB), C3H (CC), or heterozygous (BC) genotype at a <i>trans</i> locus affects transcript MMT00016118 levels (reported as mlratio) in a sex-specific manner, with effects detectable only in females. Coefficients of determination (<i>R</i>², or proportion variance explained) are shown along with associated ANOVA <i>p</i>-values. Several <i>trans</i>-eQTLs correlated with gonadal fat mass localize to regions overlapping with cQTLs for this trait, specifically, to Chromosome 19, 40 cM.</p><p>(B) For Chromosome 19, the vast majority of these correlated <i>trans</i>-eQTLs are biased toward larger effects on gene expression in females (red lines). The effect of any given <i>trans</i>-eQTL is approximated as <i>R</i>² determined in a manner similar to that depicted in (A).</p></div

Effect of Genotype on Fat Mass

<p>Homozygous B6 (BB), C3H (CC), or heterozygous (BC) genotype at all five QTL positions, separated by sex, are shown. The underlying genotypic effects of the QTLs on fat mass differ between the sexes. Coefficients of determination (<i>R</i>²) are shown along with associated ANOVAs *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, ***<i>p</i> < 0.001.</p

Genome Scan for Gonadal Fat Mass

<div><p>(A) Animals were genotyped at an average 1.5 cM density using 1,032 SNPs polymorphic between the parental strains. LOD scores computed using sex as an additive covariate (black) failed to detect significant linkage. A genome scan accounting for interactions between sex and QTL (red) showed evidence for suggestive linkage on Chromosome 1 and significant linkage on Chromosomes 3, 5, 11, and 19. Dashed and solid lines are thresholds for suggestive (<i>p</i> < 1 × 10⁻³) and significant linkage (<i>p</i> < 5 × 10⁻⁵), respectively.</p><p>(B) Genome scans for gonadal fat mass using different models over mouse Chromosome 5. Scans for fat mass using all animals with (black) and without (green) sex as an additive covariate failed to detect significant linkage. Females analyzed alone (magenta) showed evidence for suggestive linkage (<i>p</i> < 2 × 10⁻⁴). When both sexes were analyzed to account for sex effects (red), a significant QTL was realized (<i>p</i> < 10⁻⁶).</p><p>For clarity, only the model incorporating both the “sex*add” and “sex*dom” terms is shown in red, although additional models incorporating the terms separately were also computed.</p></div