Simple, Non-catalytic Permethylation of Catechol Derivatives in Subcritical and Supercritical Water

Environmentally benign, non-catalytic, simple, and complete aromatic ring methylation of catechol derivatives by using 1,3,5-trioxane as the source of methyl groups was investigated in subcritical and supercritical water and under solvent-free conditions. Irrespective of the presence of subcritical and supercritical water as a reaction medium, catechol and 4-methylcatechol afforded the permethylation product 3,4,5,6-tetramethylcatechol. Only a small amount of 3,4,5,6-tetramethylcatechol (2% yield) was obtained under solvent-free conditions at 400 °C for 10 min. However, supercritical water considerably accelerated the formation of 3,4,5,6-tetramethylcatechol (13% yield) under the conditions of 400 °C, 10 min, and 0.35 g/mL water density

中世日本語の複合動詞逆引き索引 : 『大蔵虎明本 狂言集』『エソポのハブラス』『三本対照 捷解新語』を中心に

departmental bulletin pape

Spatiotemporal dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in linear- and circular-chain optical lattices

application/pdfWe investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices that have a linear-or a circular-chain configuration with the tunneling couplings between nearest-neighbor lattice sites. A discrete nonlinear Schro¨dinger equation has been solved for various initial conditions and for a definite range of repulsive and attractive interatomic interactions. It is shown that the diversity of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the atomic population distribution such as a macroscopic self-trapping, bright and dark solitons, and symmetry breaking is derived from the positive and negative interatomic interactions. For the circular-chain configuration, two types of rotational modes are obtained as we introduce a definite relation for the initial phase conditions.journal articl

A Remark on the Essential Properties of Determinants

Let K be a commutative ring. For each n×n matrix A=(aij) over K, we define the determinant d(A) by the formula d(A)=Σσ ε(σ)a(σ), where the sum is taken over the set Sn of all permutations σ of {1,2,…,n}, ε(σ) is the sign of the permutation, and a(σ)=a1σ(1)a2σ(2)…anσ(n) Assume n≧2, and let τ be a transposition in Sn. The mapping γτ: Sn→Sn by the formula γτ(σ)=στ for each σ∈Sn is a bijection. Then it is clear that the following theorem holds : Theorem. d(A) = Σσ (a(σ)-a(στ)), where the sum is taken over the set An of all even permutations σ. In this paper, we will show that next two essential theorems B2 and C1 can be derived from our theorem. Theorem B2. Interchanging two rows of A multiplies d(A) by -1. Theorem C1. If A has two rows alike, then d(A)=0.departmental bulletin pape

Eugene B. Allen

47-1Indian AffairsReport : Petition of E. Allen. [2066] Contract for supplies to the Red Cloud and Spotted Tail Sioux agencies in Dakota; 1878.1882-9

Lifestyle Risk Charts Illustrating the 10-year Risk of Death in a Japanese Small Community: The JMS Cohort Study at Wara

Risk assessment charts are visualized and easy to use in patient education by public health nurses. The aim of our study was to assess the risk factors and for death and lifestyles to construct risk assessment charts for death using the data from a small community. From June 1992, we conducted the JMS cohort study in Wara town, Gifu, Japan. Participants were tested for systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and blood glucose. Information about medical history, food frequency, and lifestyle was obtained by a questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed according to the criteria used in The Framingham Study. All participants were followed up annually during an annual health care check, visits, phone call, and mailings. Risk charts were created based on calculations of the 10-year absolute risk that were associated with all cause death. A total of 1,371 participants (615 males and 756 females) were analyzed in this study. Total all-cause death was 356. In males, the physical activity index was associated with all-cause death (Hazard ratio 0.92 95％ CI 0.87-0.97) and showed a tendency towards low mortality in females (HR 0.92 95％ CI 0.82-1.01). In both sexes, the risk of death was lower in participants who frequently consumed citrus fruit（HR for the infrequent intake group versus the normal intake group, and infrequent intake group vs the high intake group: 0.63 95％ CI 0.35-1.14 and 0.23 0.09-0.55 for males, 1.02, 0.51-2.06 and 0.39, 0.19-0.90 for females). We constructed risk-assessment charts for death in Wara town on the basis of hazard ratios. We used data from the Wara area, a Japanese rural population, to develop risk charts that estimated the 10-year risk for all-cause mortality.departmental bulletin pape

The Problem of the Hemingway Code : An Essay of "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"

Article群馬県立女子大学紀要　19,(49)-(62),1998departmental bulletin pape

Historia ecclesiastica tripartita

IDL.,L. gót. --3 tam. --2 col. --53 lín. --Esp. p. inic

Introduction of University Museum Collection (43)

departmental bulletin pape