THE ROLE OF INTERNAL WATER STORAGE DESIGN ON NITROGEN FATE

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is implemented in urban landscapes to manage stormwater quantity and quality. Bioretention is an infiltration-based GSI strategy and demonstrates variable performance for total nitrogen (TN) removal. Internal water storage (IWS) is a sub-grade design feature that uses an underdrain with an elevated outlet to force a submerged layer. When a carbon source is present, often woodchips, IWS facilitates denitrification—the microbial reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2). This work considers the impact of IWS underdrain configuration, geometry, and IWS media on hydraulics, TN, and NO3- removal to enhance IWS design. To explore the impact of underdrain height, three laboratory columns with underdrains located at the bottom (0 cm), middle (15 cm), and top (30 cm) of a gravel-woodchip IWS were coupled with USGS VS2DRTI simulations. For narrow IWS geometries, width to depth (w/d) ratio 1 and indicated flow dynamics observed for narrow columns do not always translate to wider field systems. Under transient flow conditions, minimizing effluent NO¬3- concentrations and loads ranked least to greatest in the order bottom > middle > top underdrain configurations and dual isotopes in NO3- confirmed the presence of denitrification in mobile zones. Laboratory columns with bottom underdrain configurations considered three IWS media compositions of gravel, gravel-woodchip, and gravel-woodchip-biochar. Synthetic stormwater was modified to include dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and trace organic nitrogen compounds. Under continuous flow conditions, NO3- removal efficiency ranked in the order gravel-woodchip (78%) > gravel-woodchip-biochar (61%) > gravel (-10%) for a HLR of 2.5 cm/h. During antecedent dry periods, the gravel-woodchip-biochar and gravel-woodchip IWS removed NO3- within 18 hours following a transient event. However, the presence of biochar resulted in ammonium (NH4+) generation and effluent concentrations exceeded levels toxic to aquatic life. High-frequency field monitoring of an IWS with a raised underdrain was performed for eight storms over ten months. IWS nitrogen concentrations during storm events revealed that peak TN concentration generally occurred within the first hour during the rising limb of the IWS water level and that TN was likely exported from the system in the form of DON and NO3-. Additionally, NH4+ washout from unsaturated soil occurred during February through May and was attributed to sodium dispersion due to road salt application. This work coupled laboratory columns, modeling, and field studies to address the complexities of nitrogen management in bioretention as impacted by IWS underdrain height, geometry, ev, media selection, absorbent amendments, and seasonal patterns. When approaching IWS design for water quality enhancements, practitioners are encouraged to consider all these variables but recognize that the desired TN removal will not be achieved in some cases.Environmental Engineerin

有効活用を目的としたワサビの葉と根茎に含まれる成分の機能性に関する研究

静岡県立大学博士（食品栄養科学）2018application/pdfdoctoral thesi

遺伝子検査でダイエット法がわかる？

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Generic names in Magnaporthales

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The order Magnaporthales comprises about 200 species and includes the economically and scientifically important rice blast fungus and the take-all pathogen of cereals, as well as saprotrophs and endophytes. Recent advances in phylogenetic analyses of these fungi resulted in taxonomic revisions. In this paper we list the 28 currently accepted genera in Magnaporthales with their type species and available gene and genome resources. The polyphyletic Magnaporthe 1972 is proposed for suppression, and Pyricularia 1880 and Nakataea 1939 are recommended for protection as the generic names for the rice blast fungus and the rice stem rot fungus, respectively. The rationale for the recommended names is also provided. These recommendations are made by the Pyricularia/Magnaporthe Working Group established under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF).This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of the United States (grant number DEB 1145174 and DEB 1452971) to Ning Zhang

海外インターンシップに挑戦する学生たち —PBL を導入した 4 年目のかたち—

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電気伝導度と洗剤濃度の簡易測定から探究できる発展教材 : 「合成洗剤は硬水中で沈殿しない」は正しいのか

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The changing relationship between Lake Koyama-ike and the local citizens after the sluice gate has been opened.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Energy Release of Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage Materials

Molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems are rapidly becoming a feasible alternative to energy storage and net-zero carbon emission heating. MOST systems involve a single photoisomerization pair that incorporates light absorption, storage, and heat release processes in one recurring cycle. Despite significant recent advancements in the field, the catalytic back-reaction from MOST systems remains relatively unexplored. A wide range of applications is possible, contingent on the energy densities of the specific photoisomers. Here, we report platinum-, copper-, and nickel-based heterogeneous catalysts screened in batch conditions for the back-conversion reaction on the cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-norbornadiene/quadricyclane pair. Catalyst reactivities are investigated using structural characterization, imaging techniques, and spectroscopic analysis. Finally, the thermal stability is also explored for our best-performing catalysts.We thank the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 951801 (MOST H2020-EIC-FETPROACT-2019-951801). I.F.-A. thanks the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” for the Juan de la Cierva-Incorporation scholarship (IJC2020-045125-I). K.M.-P. thanks the ERC (PHOTHERM), Göran Gustafson Foundation, and Swedish Energy Agency. Also, we would like to thank Philipp Hügenell – Fraunhofer ISE (physisorption and DVS), Jutta Zielonka (SEM) – Fraunhofer ISE, Thomas Hausmann (DSC) – Fraunhofer ISE, and Félix Gallarta Gonzalez (AAS) – Universidad de la Rioja.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

Unveiling the Potential of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Molecular Solar Thermal Systems

Solar energy utilization has gained considerable attention due to its abundance and renewability. However, its intermittent nature presents a challenge in harnessing its full potential. The development of energy storing compounds capable of capturing and releasing solar energy on demand has emerged as a potential solution. These compounds undergo a photochemical transformation that results in a high-energy metastable photoisomer, which stores solar energy in the form of chemical bonds and can release it as heat when required. Such systems are referred to as MOlecular Solar Thermal (MOST)-systems. Although the photoisomerization of MOST systems has been vastly studied, its back-conversion, particularly using heterogeneous catalysts, is still underexplored and the development of effective catalysts for releasing stored energy is crucial. Herein we compare the performance of 27 heterogeneous catalysts releasing the stored energy in an efficient Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane (NBD/QC) MOST system. We report the first benchmarking of heterogeneous catalysts for a MOST system using a robust comparison method of the catalysts' activity and monitoring the conversion using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Our findings provide insights into the development of effective catalysts for MOST systems. We anticipate that our assay will reveal the necessity of further investigation on heterogeneous catalysis.We thank the European Union's H2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement N:951801 (MOST H2020-EIC-FETPROACT-2019-951801). Some results are part of the project TED2021-131896B-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “Next Generation EU”/PRTR. I. F.-A. thanks the MICINN of Spain for financial support (IJC2020-045125-I). As part of the FETPROACT MOST project, all catalysts tested were provided by Johnson Matthey (JM).With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

Children Understanding from the Perspective of Childcare Woker Training

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