Effects of Washcoat on Initial PM Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Drop in SiC DPF

The washcoat (W/C) on a catalytic diesel particulate filter (DPF) greatly alters the pore structure and wall surface condition of the original substrate of DPF, which then affects the filtration efficiency and pressure drop behavior. In the present study, we examined this W/C effect on the initial PM filtration efficiency and pressure loss by changing amounts of washcoat on a SiC-DPF. We measured particle number concentration and particle size distribution in the diesel exhaust gas downstream of the DPF by EEPS. High filtration efficiency was achieved quickly when the W/C amount was increased. We introduced new parameters, T90 and T99, which were the filtration efficiencies that reach more than 90% and 99%, respectively, of the initial DPF usage. The PM trapping mechanisms could be classified according to the PM size. Trapping of PM whose diameter is smaller than 30 nm is little affected by the W/C. However, for PM over 30 nm, as amounts of W/C are increased, particle number concentration decreases rapidly and less PM leakage is observed for the initial filtration process. On the other hand, the initial backpressure and the backpressure during soot loading increased in accordance with W/C amount. Since the relationship between the filtration efficiency and the pressure loss has a trade-off, it is important to design DPF by considering W/C effects.Technical Papers presented at SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibitionresearch repor

我国における乳児栄養法の変遷

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Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma : An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study

This report describes an extremely rare case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The tumor, occurring in the right leg of a male aged 35, was composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and interspersed islands of well-differentiated cartilaginous tissue. Immunohistochemically, S-100 protein was detected in transitional forms between undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and well-differentiated cartilaginous cells as well as well-differentiated cartilaginous cells. Ultrastructurally, the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells had a narrow cytoplasm with a sparsity of organelles. The well-differentiated cartilaginous cells showed many features common to chondrocytes, such as abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, multiple well-developed Golgi complexes, and microvillous and scalloped cytoplasmic membranes. The differentiation toward cartilaginous cells of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells was indicated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.departmental bulletin pape

立命館アジア太平洋大学 竣工式

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Spatial entrainment in zebrafish groups.

<div><p>Percent time spent in the US-associated side of the tank during food anticipation, i.e., 30 min interval prior to CS presentation, at the end of Baseline, Conditioning and Extinction phases.</p> <p>Young fish (1 y) – diamond, middle-aged (2 y) fish – square, old fish (3 y) – triangle.</p> <p>Wildtype – black; ACHE mutants – green; IR zebrafish – orange.</p></div

Change in place preference during and following Extinction.

<div><p>Percent time spent in the red half of the test tank 5 min prior to food administration on the last day of Conditioning (day 7, diagonal bar), same side of the tank on the last day of Extinction (day 11 in white-white test tank; black bar) and during post-extinction presentation of red color (day 12; dotted bar).</p> <p>Y-axis: % time spent in the red half of the tank (or corresponding half on day 11).</p> <p>X-axis – zebrafish age. * p<0.05 relative to each group's end of Extinction, day 11.</p></div

Increased alternation in the consecutive choice of the short arms of the maze during Baseline trials in young zebrafish, compared to middle-aged and old groups.

<p>Y-axis: % alternation. * p<0.05, relative to each of the older groups.</p

Schematic illustrations of the methodological approaches used.

<div><p>A. Time schedule of CPP procedure: 120 min of baseline recording without food in all-white tank, followed by 60 min of recording after food administration.</p> <p>Red color was present for 15 min, starting 5 min prior to food administration.</p> <p>B. CPA procedure: Each day, zebrafish behavior was recorded first in the test tank with all white walls (5 min), then for 5 min after half of the tank walls changed to red color.</p> <p>Horizontal black bars - stimulating electrodes. Electric shock (yellow “lightening”) delivered only in the red zone.</p> <p>C. T-maze with Start and Choice zones, inserted color filters and deep water end compartments.</p> <p>The apparatus (30 mm water level) included a starting zone, 40 × 30 mm, separated from the rest of the maze by a transparent removable partition.</p> <p>Behind the partition, there was a long 80 × 20 mm arm and two short 60 × 20 mm arms, which lead to the removable deep water chambers (85 mm water level).</p></div

Development of anticipatory increase in locomotor activity prior to food administration in wildtype (A) and ACHE mutants (B) of different age, and in IR zebrafish (C).

<div><p>X-axis: % change in activity level within 30 min prior to food administration, as compared to preceding 90-min period.</p> <p>First day of significant (p<.05) change in group behavior in young (*) and middle-aged (**) fish.</p> <p>Note that BL was assessed after 7 days of new timing of daily food administration in white/white environment.</p> <p>Young fish – diamond, middle-aged fish – square, old fish – triangle.</p> <p>Wildtype – black; ACHE mutants – green; IR zebrafish – orange.</p></div

Generalization of red color preference in a “different condition” of the T-maze at Baseline, following Conditioning and Extinction phases of CPP paradigm.

<div><p>Y-axis: percent of red arm choices over 14 consecutive trials.</p> <p>X-axis – zebrafish age/strain.</p> <p>White bar – Baseline; diagonal pattern – after Conditioning, black – after Extinction.</p> <p>* p<0.05 relative to each group Baseline.</p></div