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Shrinkage of Gobiocypris rarus, Procypris rabaudi, and Sinilabeo rendahli preserved in formalin

Length measurements of preserved fishes are necessary in many types of fish surveys because logistics often do not allow for fish measurement immediately after catch. If the fixative causes significant shrinkage, then the preserved lengths cannot be directly used to indicate accurate live lengths. The objective of this study was to determine how preservation in formalin affects standard length of Gobiocypris rarus larvae (24-day-old and newly hatched), larval Procypris rabaudi (4-day-old), and larval Sinilabeo rendahli (12-day-old). Fishes were measured (to nearest 0.01 mm) and individually fixed in the appropriate formalin solution (2.5% or 5.0% formalin), then re-measured at 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 75 days after preservation to follow the time course of shrinkage. Most of the shrinkage occurred within the first half day after preservation. The 5.0% formalin caused a higher relative shrinkage rate than did the 2.5% solution; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In G. rarus, initial shrinkage of newly hatched larvae was higher than that of 24-day-old larvae.Length measurements of preserved fishes are necessary in many types of fish surveys because logistics often do not allow for fish measurement immediately after catch. If the fixative causes significant shrinkage, then the preserved lengths cannot be directly used to indicate accurate live lengths. The objective of this study was to determine how preservation in formalin affects standard length of Gobiocypris rarus larvae (24-day-old and newly hatched), larval Procypris rabaudi (4-day-old), and larval Sinilabeo rendahli (12-day-old). Fishes were measured (to nearest 0.01 mm) and individually fixed in the appropriate formalin solution (2.5% or 5.0% formalin), then re-measured at 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 75 days after preservation to follow the time course of shrinkage. Most of the shrinkage occurred within the first half day after preservation. The 5.0% formalin caused a higher relative shrinkage rate than did the 2.5% solution; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In G. rarus, initial shrinkage of newly hatched larvae was higher than that of 24-day-old larvae

Takeshi Hamano, Marriage Migrants of Japanese Women in Australia : Remoulding Gendered Selves in Suburban Community

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Rowan County Civilian Conservation Camps

A collection of newspaper clippings from regional publications and historical information related to the Civilian Conservation Corps, Company 578, stationed in Rowan County, Kentucky from 1934 to 1942.https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/rcpl_histories/1009/thumbnail.jp

The Quill: Newsletter of C.C.C. Co. 578, Camp Lochege

A collection of newsletters from the Civilian Conservation Corps, Company 578, titled The Quill, published in Rowan County, Kentucky from 1934 to 1940.https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/rcpl_histories/1002/thumbnail.jp

How Do Medical Students Learn: An Application of Multiple Intelligences Theory

application/pdfThis paper seeks to investigate how medical students who seem to be struggling with their classes can be helped by teachers to manage their studies more appropriately and hopefully make better progress as a result. To facilitate an understanding of the issues involved in this study, basic matters concerning the theory of learning, learning styles, learning strategies and multiple intelligences theory will be briefly outlined. An integral element of this investigation is an on-going action research study that has been undertaken by the author over the past several years at several university campuses in Japan. Some of the data gathered in that previous research which is useful as a basis for comparison, as well as some preliminary conclusions on this study, will also be detailed.departmental bulletin pape

Market Structure, Cost Pass-Through and Welfare with Differentiated Products

In this paper, we estimate a mixed logit model for the U.S. processed cheese market and implement cost pass-through simulations and related consumer welfare analysis under different regimes of competition. In the model, the curvature of demand is determined to a significant extent by the empirical distribution of consumers. This property reduces the prediction errors of cost pass-through caused by an erroneous assumption as to the functional form of demand. We find that, under collusion, the pass-through rates for all brands fall between 23% and 37% and under Nash price competition, the range of pass-through is 67% ~ 98%.departmental bulletin pape

Spawning aggregations of checkered snapper (Lutjanus decussatus) and blackspot snapper (L. fulviflamma): seasonality, lunar-phase periodicity and spatial distribution within spawning ground

Snappers (family Lutjanidae) are important fisheries target species and some species are known to form spawning aggregations at particular spawning grounds. The present study investigated the ecological characteristics of fish aggregations of two snapper species (checkered snapper Lutjanus decussatus and blackspot snapper L. fulviflamma) that form at a particular site. Specifically, the aims were to clarify (1) seasonality and lunar-phase periodicity of fish aggregation formation, (2) fine-scale spatial distribution of fish density (spatial variations of fish density at intervals of several-tens meters) within the aggregation site, (3) size and age frequency distributions of fishes in the aggregation site, (4) gonad development, (5) to compare fish abundance between inside and outside the aggregation site, and (6) to verify that fish aggregations of the two snapper species were spawning aggregation. Underwater observations using a 600 m × 5 m transect revealed that greater fish abundance of Lutjanus decussatus was found monthly between May and October, and clear positive peaks in the fish abundance were found only around the last-quarter moon. This lunar-related periodicity in the increase of fish abundance was confirmed by a time-series analysis (correlogram). Within the aggregation site, L. decussatus showed a relatively uniform distribution. In contrast, greater fish abundance of L. fulviflamma was found monthly between April and October, and clear positive peaks in the fish abundance were found around the last-quarter moon (April, May, June and October) or new moon (July, August and September). This lunar-related periodicity was also confirmed by correlogram. Lutjanus fulviflamma showed a relatively clumped distribution within the aggregation site. Most females of the two species in the aggregation site had hydrated eggs, indicating that the two species form aggregations for reproduction. The two species, although occurring simultaneously, are considered to form aggregations of conspecifics only. For L. decussatus, average fork length and age of males and females were 229.2 mm and 243.9 mm and 9.4 years and 8.1 years, respectively. For L. fulviflamma, average fork length and age of males and females were 233.9 mm and 246.9 mm and 6.8 years and 8.1 years, respectively. Fish abundance inside the aggregation site was 266.8-fold and 141557.1-fold greater than those outside the aggregation site for L. decussatus and L. fulviflamma, respectively. These results showed that (1) fish aggregation formation of the two snapper species was predictably repeated in particular months and lunar-phase, (2) it was predictably found at the particular site, (3) the fish abundance in the aggregation site markedly exceeded the fish abundance outside the aggregation site, and (4) the two species form aggregations for reproduction. Therefore, it is suggested that the fish aggregations for the two species can be regarded as spawning aggregations.journal articl

Nocturnal substrate association of four coral reef fish groups (parrotfishes, surgeonfishes, groupers and butterflyfishes) in relation to substrate architectural characteristics

Although numerous coral reef fish species utilize substrates with high structural complexities as habitats and refuge spaces, quantitative analysis of nocturnal fish substrate associations has not been sufficiently examined yet. The aims of the present study were to clarify the nocturnal substrate associations of 17 coral reef fish species (nine parrotfish, two surgeonfish, two grouper and four butterflyfish) in relation to substrate architectural characteristics. Substrate architectural characteristics were categorized into seven types: (1) eave-like space, (2) large inter-branch space, (3) overhang by protrusion of fine branching structure, (4) overhang by coarse structure, (5) uneven structure without large space or overhang, (6) flat and (7) macroalgae. Overall, fishes were primarily associated with three architectural characteristics (eave-like space, large inter-branch space and overhang by coarse structure). The main providers of these three architectural characteristics were tabular and corymbose Acropora, staghorn Acropora, and rock. Species-specific significant positive associations with particular architectural characteristics were found as follows. For the nine parrotfish species, Chlorurus microrhinos with large inter-branch space and overhang by coarse structure; Ch. spilurus with eave-like space and large inter-branch space; Hipposcarus longiceps with large inter-branch space; Scarus ghobban with overhang by coarse structure; five species (Scarus forsteni, S. niger, S. oviceps, S. rivulatus and S. schlegeli) with eave-like space. For the two surgeonfish species, Naso unicornis with overhang by coarse structure; N. lituratus with eave-like space. For the two grouper species, Plectropomus leopardus with eave-like space; Epinephelus ongus with overhang by coarse structure. For the four butterflyfish species, Chaetodon trifascialis with eave-like space and large inter-branch space; C. lunulatus and C. ephippium with large inter-branch space; C. auriga showed no significant associations with any architectural characteristics. Four species (Ch. microrhinos, H. longiceps, S. niger and N. unicornis) also showed clear variations in substrate associations among the different fish size classes. Since parrotfishes, surgeonfishes and groupers are main fisheries targets in coral reefs, conservation and restoration of coral species that provide eave-like space (tabular and corymbose Acropora) and large inter-branch space (staghorn Acropora) as well as hard substrates with coarse structure that provide overhang (rock) should be considered for effective fisheries management in coral reefs. For butterflyfishes, coral species that provide eave-like space (tabular Acropora) and large inter-branch space (staghorn Acropora) should also be conserved and restored for provision of sleeping sites.journal articl

Broad-scale spatial distribution and microhabitat-scale substrate association of seven angelfish species (family Pomacanthidae) in an Okinawan coral reef

Species-specific spatial distribution in relation to environmental characteristics underpins the species diversity of coral reef fishes. This study aimed to elucidate (1) the broad-scale spatial distribution (spatial variation of fish density at intervals of several-kilometers), influenced by topographic features (exposed reef vs. inner reef), substrate characteristics and depth, and (2) the microhabitat associations (habitat association within several centimeter scale) concerning substrate availability for seven angelfish species (family Pomacanthidae) in an Okinawan coral reef. Broad-scale analysis revealed (1) Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus was primarily found in deep inner reefs with greater coverage of branching Acropora and dead coral; (2) Centropyge bicolor and C. tibicen were primarily found at shallow inner reefs with greater coverage of branching Acropora, dead coral, and sand; (3) C. ferrugata and C. vrolikii were primarily found at shallow exposed reefs with greater coverage of rock, and (4) C. heraldi and Pygoplites diacanthus were primarily found at deep exposed reefs with greater coverage of rock. Microhabitat-scale analysis revealed that three species (C. mesoleucus, C. bicolor, and C. heraldi) showed significant positive association with acroporid corals. Centropyge tibicen showed a significant positive association with living corals. The remaining three species (C. ferrugata, C. vrolikii, and P. diacanthus) did not show a positive association with living corals. This suggests that coral loss impacts angelfish population in a species-specific manner. These two spatial scale viewpoints offer valuable insight for comprehensive understandings of angelfish spatial distribution in relation to substrate characteristics.journal articl