「慰安婦」問題日韓「合意」をどのように考えるのか

departmental bulletin pape

Long-term effects of tolvaptan in patients requiring recurrent hospitalization for heart failure

2015-08Although reports suggest that tolvaptan does not reduce survival or subsequent hospitalization rates in heart failure patients, its continuous use has shown good outcomes in some patients who cannot be effectively managed with high doses of loop diuretics. Therefore, we investigated the association of patient characteristics and continued tolvaptan use in heart failure patients with changes in the frequency and annual duration of patient hospitalization due to heart failure. We carefully reviewed the medical records of patients hospitalized due to heart failure who began tolvaptan therapy and continued with outpatient treatment between December 2010 and November 2013 (tolvaptan group); patients hospitalized for heart failure between May 2008 and March 2009 served as controls. We set the reference dates as the start of tolvaptan therapy (tolvaptan group) or as the date of admission (control group). The changes in hospitalization frequency and total hospitalization time due to heart failure, before and after the reference dates, were not significantly different between the tolvaptan and control groups. In the tolvaptan group, a high estimated glomerular filtration rate was a predictor of decreased hospitalization. Continuous tolvaptan use did not decrease hospitalization duration in all heart failure patients, but good renal function was predictive of a good response.departmental bulletin pape

現代社会における「コミュニケーション病理」への二層的アプローチ : 「摂食障害」を例とした試み

１９８０年代、高度経済成長を経て日本社会が手に入れた「豊かさ」について（批判的な立場から）かなり議論されたことは記憶に新しい。いまでも「豊かさ」という言葉を使うときに何かしら拭い切れない居心地の悪さのようなものを感じてしまうのは、もしかすると結論の出なかった’８０年代の「豊かさ」についての議論の後味の悪さを引きずっているからなのかもしれないなどと個人的には感じているが、実際、１９８０年代とは、大変な時代であった。そしてそれは私たちが感じていた以上にである。桜井（1992）が「かつて、同時代の社会現象を論ずるのは社会学者であることが多かった。しかし、８０年代は、フェミニズムに立つ社会学者を除いては、社会学者はあまり前面に出ることがなかったように思える。その代わり、中心的な役割を果たしたのが、精神病理を専門とする精神医学者たちだった。このことが、８０年代という時代を象徴しているように思われるのである。日本社会に大きな精神的変動が生じていた。しかもこの変動は、その大きさにもかかわらず、人々に強く意識されていなかったとしか思えないのだ。」と述べているように、この時代は特に（物質的な）「豊かさ」の影の部分である個人の精神病理にスポットが当てられ、「豊かな時代」の人間の心の問題を扱った書物が精神科医や精神医学者・心理学者らによって数多く執筆された。そして彼らはまた実に多くの新しい病名・キーワードをも生み出したのであった。(日曜神経症、コンピュータ依存症、青い鳥症候群なんて言葉が生まれたのもこのころである。）さらに、彼らに加え現場の教師や教育学者そしてジャーナリストらによって「子ども論」とでも言うべき「ちょっとおかしな子ども」が論じられるようになってきたのも’８０年代の特徴と言えよう。 精神科医の加賀乙彦が「時代の奥底に忍び寄る不安をもっとも先駆的に敏感にかぎとるのは心を病む人々だ」と言っていたが、社会を自らの心の中に組み入れるという「社会化」の作業を日々行っている子どももまた、その時の社会を正確に映していると言えよう。このように考えると、心を病んだ人々や子どもという対象について多く語られるということは、逆に言えば病んだ時代の必然とも言えるし、彼らを通してその時の社会の歪みや社会問題が浮かび上がってくるもの当然であろう。しかしながら、（主に）精神医学者や心理学者によってこれらの問題が扱われる場合、上述したような「社会の歪み」については、患者の生育環境や社会的背景といった扱われ方にとどまってしまうことが多い。これは個人差を問題とする心理学の学問的性質上当然と言えば当然のことである。しかしながら、興味深いことに、このような病理現象（事例）は、医師や精神医学者、心理学者やジャーナリストらによって各々個別に報告されるにもかかわらず、その後社会学者たちによって（主に社会病理学やコミュニケーション論の範疇で）再び繰り返し取り上げられることが多い。例えば、上述したような’８０年代から目立ち増え始めた新しいタイプの精神病理・社会病理（おたく、摂食障害、対人恐怖症、家庭内暴力、未成年者の麻薬・暴力・性犯罪、離婚、精神障害、異常な殺人事件など）を取り上げた作家・評論家の中島梓が１９９１年に書き下ろした『コミュニケーション不全症候群』のタイトル名でもある「コミュニケーション不全」というキーワードは現代人に特有な精神病理あるいはコミュニケーション病理を包括する概念として、ここ数年社会学者たちによって好んで使われるようになってきている。departmental bulletin pape

On the vibration of the Double Eccentric Guide Cam at High Speed

A modern cam mechanism requires very litt1e amplitude of the vibration in its high speed revolution. For this purpose the eccentric cam mechanism is considered to be desirable. The authors examined the vibration of the Mi1anese guide cam. Getting aconnstant displacement in this mechanism. we used a compound cam mechanism with the primary eccentricity of 8 mm and the secondary ecentricity of 2 mm. We examined the amplitude of the vibration in the region from 600 to 1800 rpm and compared the experimental restilts with the theoretical resu1ts calculated by the authorsdepartmental bulletin pape

"C'est l'homme qui fait l'homme" : Cul-de-Sac Ubuntu-ism in Côte d'Ivoire

The idea that human beings are inextricably bound to one another is at the heart of this book about African agency, especially drawing on the African philosophy Ubuntu, with its roots in human sociality and inclusivity. Ubuntu's precepts and workings are severely tested in these times of rapid change and multiple responsibilities. Africans negotiate their social existence between urban and rural life, their continental and transcontinental distances, and all the market forces that now impinge, with relationships and loyalties placed in question. Between ideal and reality, dreams and schemes, how is Ubuntu actualized, misappropriated and endangered? The book unearths the intrigues and contradictions that go with inclusivity in Africa. Basing his argument on the ideals of trust, conviviality and support embodied in the concept of Ubuntu, Francis Nyamnjoh demonstrates how the pursuit of personal success and even self-aggrandizement challenges these ideals, thus leading to discord in social relationships. Nyamnjoh uses a popular Ivorian drama with the same title to substantiate life-world realities and more importantly to demonstrate that new forms of expression, from popular drama to fiction, thicken and enrich the ethnographic component in current anthropology

Contribution of seedling vigour and anoxia/hypoxia-responsive genes to submergence tolerance in Vietnamese lowland rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

<p>A direct-seeded rice cultivation system has been widely adopted in Asian countries. Optimum germination and vigorous seedling growth under submergence are key traits for the practice of direct seeding. We studied the post-germination seedling vigour in Vietnamese lowland rice accessions based on three bio-parameters, shoot elongation growth under five-day submergence in water-filled test-tubes, seedling recovery rate five days after transferring submerged seedlings to pots with soil and seedling survival rate 21 days after sowing seeds in nursery beds and immediate incubation under submergence. A large diversity was found in seedling vigour thus estimated among the accessions. Significantly high correlations were observed among all three bio-parameters, verifying the contribution of seedling vigour to the manifestation of submergence tolerance at this critical stage of rice development. To examine the roles of anoxia/hypoxia-responsive genes, the expression of 17 candidate genes was studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared between selected vigorous and non-vigorous groups of accessions. Transcripts of all but two genes showed marked accumulation in submerged seedlings. No differences, however, were found between the two contrasting groups. The observed common and coordinate expression of anoxia/hypoxia-induced genes suggests that they might assume roles in attaining baseline tolerance against submergence stress. It was also suggested that some unknown genetic factors are operating in determining cultivar/genotype-specific levels of submergence tolerance as assessed by post-germination seedling vigour.</p

Genetic diversity of Vietnamese lowland rice germplasms as revealed by SSR markers in relation to seedling vigour under submergence

<p>In the direct-seeding rice cultivation system, seedling vigour is one of the most important traits for stable stand establishment during early seedling stages, particularly under submergence that is caused by temporal flash flood. We studied the genetic diversity in a set of 40 Vietnamese lowland rice varieties using 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers covering all rice chromosomes. A total of 111 alleles were detected, with a mean of 3.7 alleles per locus. The number of polymorphic alleles detected by each SSR marker ranged from 2 to 6. The fragment size of a given SSR locus varied between 85 and 650 bp and the frequency of a major allele at each locus ranged from 32.5% to 76.9%. Polymorphism information content value varied from 0.355 to 0.774 with an average of 0.594. The genetic similarity calculated between pairs of rice varieties ranged from 0.03 to 0.97 with an average of 0.27. According to a constructed dendrogram of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based on the SSR marker analysis, the tested rice varieties were clustered into two major groups consisting of five subgroups. Significant correlations existed between the mean genetic similarity and the mean seedling vigour estimated by shoot length under submergence among the tested varieties. Our results suggested usefulness of the SSR marker system to assess genetic diversity in Vietnamese rice germplasms in relation to their seedling vigour under submergence.</p

Alignment of 25 mtDNA clones in the 452 528 bp MC molecule of the wheat mitochondrial genome

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Structural dynamics of cereal mitochondrial genomes as revealed by complete nucleotide sequencing of the wheat mitochondrial genome"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(19):6235-6250.</p><p>Published online 31 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1275586.</p><p>© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> Broad, light-green bar shows the MC molecule cleaved between MC coordinates 452 528 and 1. Numbers on the MC molecule show the MC coordinates of the ends of all the clones, their segments and repeat sequences. Rectangle with projection in the broad bar: R1–R9 repeat pairs involved in recombinant clone formation. DRs are dark green, IRs dark brown. The projection shows the direction of each repeat copy. Slender bar: individual clones; light blue, yellow and orange represent intact, single recombinant and double recombinant clones, respectively. L, C or R affixed to clone numbers: Left, central and right segments of a recombinant clone. Note that L and R segments of a single-recombinant clone have the same repeat copy at the end connecting two segments; head-to-tail for DRs, and head-to-head or tail-to-tail for IRs. The double-recombinant clone has a copy of one repeat pair at one end each of its L and C segments and a copy of another repeat pair at the other end of C and at one end of R that, respectively, connect the L and C segments and the C and R segments by recombination