「完了の助動詞」の意味―〈まで構文〉を用いて―

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Fabrication of CuO-based antireflection structures using self-arranged submicron SiO2 spheres for thermoelectric solar generation

We fabricated antireflection structures (ARSs) on the hot side of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to absorb near-infrared (NIR) solar light with low reflective energy loss. First, the ARSs, composed of a CuO thin-film coated hemisphere array were designed using rigorous coupled wave analysis. Reflective loss was reduced to 6.7% at a grating period of 200 nm, as determined by simulation. Then, the ARSs were fabricated on a glass substrate using self-arranged submicron SiO2 spheres, following the coating of a CuO thin film. Finally, the effect of the ARSs on NIR solar light generation was investigated by evaluating the generation properties of the TEG with the ARSs on the hot side. In comparison with the TEG with the CuO flat thin film on the hot side, the ARSs increased the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides by approximately 1.4 times. The CuO-based ARSs absorbed NIR solar light effectively.journal articl

イマジネーション理論とTLMG による促進的記号の検討 : 「コト」としての食をテーマとした事例をもとに

departmental bulletin pape

Mean + SEM percent choice for the advantageous choice at different doses of naltrexone for the Optimal (open bars, n = 15) and Suboptimal (dark bars, n = 9) groups.

Group X Dose ANOVAs revealed a significant interaction for Advantageous responding (F(3, 66) = 2.988, p = 0.037).</p

Reward and punishment received for the various response options in the rGT.

<p>Reward and punishment received for the various response options in the rGT.</p

Evaluating the Impact of Naltrexone on the Rat Gambling Task to Test Its Predictive Validity for Gambling Disorder - Fig 1

<p><b>Mean + SEM percent choice of the P1 (top left panel), P2 (top right panel), P3 (bottom left panel) and P4 (bottom right panel) options.</b> Data are presented for the Optimal (n = 15; open bars) and Suboptimal (dark bars, n-9) groups. Dose X Group ANOVAs revealed a significant interaction for P1 (F(3, 66) = 3.256, p_GG = 0.047). *significant <i>t</i>-tests after correction for multiple comparisons.</p

Figure 1

<p>A. Monkeys sat in chambers equipped with two levers and distinctly colored light stimuli above the levers. Completion of the response requirement (the ratio) on the active lever produced a brief two-sec presentation of a light stimulus and an intravenous injection of nicotine followed by a timeout (TO) period of 5 to 60 sec. Completion of the ratio requirement on the inactive lever resulted in presentation of a brief two-sec light stimulus of a different color but no injection. The fixed-ratio (FR) response requirement was gradually increased over successive sessions from one to ten (FR 1 to FR 10). B. Mean percentage choice for responding on the active lever by monkeys when they were experimentally naive (first week under a FR 1 schedule) and when they had learned to self-administer nicotine under the FR 10, TO 60 sec schedule (first week under the FR 10 schedule). *<i>P</i><0.01, compared to first week of training.</p

Effect of naltrexone on other measures of the rGT for the Optimal (n = 15) and Suboptimal (n = 9) groups.

<p>Dose X Group ANOVAs revealed no significant interactions or main effects. Data presented are mean ± SEM. *Indicated a main effect of Group (p<0.05).</p

Figure 4

<p>Influence of nicotine dose on nicotine self-administration and total nicotine intake per session under the FR 10 schedule. Number of fixed ratios completed on the active and inactive levers per session (A) and total nicotine intake per session (B) are presented as a function of injection dose of nicotine (n = 5). Each <i>symbol</i> represents the mean (±SEM) of at least three sessions under each nicotine injection dose condition *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 post-hoc comparisons with the saline vehicle (0 µg/kg per injection) conditions.</p

Figure 5

<p>Influence of nicotine dose on nicotine self-administration and total nicotine intake per session under the progressive-ratio schedule. Number of nicotine injections per session and corresponding breaking-point values (highest ratio completed) under the progressive-ratio schedule (A) and total nicotine intake per session (B) are presented as a function of injection dose of nicotine (n = 5). Each <i>symbol</i> represents the mean (±SEM) of at least three sessions under each nicotine injection dose condition *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 post-hoc comparisons with saline vehicle (0 µg/kg per injection) conditions.</p