Epitaxial growth of heavily doped n^+ -Ge layers using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition with in situ phosphorus doping

We report the epitaxy of n-Ge layer with in situ phosphorus (P)-doping using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method with tertiary-butyl-germane and tri-ethyl-phosphine precursors. The crystalline and electrical properties of n-Ge epitaxial layers have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and Hall effect measurements in detail. In situ P-doping with MOCVD demonstrates the incorporation of P in Ge as high as 1 × 10^20 cm^−3. The electron concentration in P-doped Ge epitaxial layers are achieved as high as 1.7 × 10^19, 1.8 × 10^19, and 2.2 × 10^18 cm^−3 at growth temperatures of 400, 350, 320 °C, respectively.ファイル公開日: 2020/01/01journal articl

Modeling and simulation of gyrotrons

Modeling and simulation of gyrotrons have two interconnected aspects, namely beam formation in the election-optical system (EOS) and beam-field interaction in the resonant cavity. In this paper we address both problems and outline the physical models and numerical techniques implemented in our problem-oriented package of experiments carried out at FIR FU Center and directed towards analysis and optimization of the existing devices of the Gyrotron FU Series an well as applied to the development of simulation-based design (SBD) of a novel high harmonic gyrotron with axis encircling electron beam and permanent magnet system.research repor

Supplementary Descriptions of the Coccinellid Larvae of Japan : (Coleoptera)

departmental bulletin pape

Registered deaths at five traditional authorities and relationship to enrolment in HIV/AIDS care and antiretroviral treatment (2000–2007), Thyolo district, Malawi.

<p>a. 95% Confidence Interval.</p><p>b. X² for linear trend  = 338.4 <i>P</i><0.001.</p><p>c. Enrollment in HIV/AIDS care applies to individuals in World Health Organisation clinical stage 3 and 4 or with CD4 counts <250 cells/mm³ irrespective of clinical stage.</p><p>d. HIV/AIDS care implies management of opportunistic infections, cotrimoxazole preventive prophylaxis and nutritional support.</p><p>e. ART- Antiretroviral treatment.</p

Coffin sales (2000–2007) at coffin workshops in 5 traditional authorities in Thyolo district, Malawi.

<p>a. X² for linear trend  = 989.4, <i>P</i><0.0001.</p><p>b. 95% Confidence Intervals.</p

Distribution of age, sex and clinical stage of teachers at ART initiation and association with program drop-out (death, ART stop and loss to follow-up) and mortality

§<p>adjusted for age, sex and WHO Clinical Stage; confidence intervals in parenthesis</p>ref<p>largest groups are chosen as reference category for hazard ratios</p

Registered church funerals in the 5 traditional authorities (2000–2007), Thyolo district, Malawi.

<p>a. X² for linear trend  = 196.8, <i>P</i><0.0001.</p><p>b. 95% Confidence Intervals.</p

Characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients who transferred out and those who did not transfer out from Mzuzu Central Hospital, Malawi, between June 2004 and December 2006.

a<p>treatment outcomes censored on March 31^st, 2007, and for those who transferred out these refer to those who were traced.</p>b<p>chi-squared test for trend = 5.8.</p>c<p>chi-squared test for trend = 42.3.</p><p>WHO = World Health Organization; ART = antiretroviral therapy.</p

Association analysis between HAT cases and controls showing SNPs with lowest p-Values and SNPs in APOL1 gene.

Association analysis between HAT cases and controls showing SNPs with lowest p-Values and SNPs in APOL1 gene.</p

National treatment outcomes of patients enrolled to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public sector, private sector and both sectors combined together, with outcomes censored on December 31^st 2006

<p>National treatment outcomes of patients enrolled to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public sector, private sector and both sectors combined together, with outcomes censored on December 31^st 2006</p