Genetic Analysis of 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Cultivated and Wild Species of Section Cepa in Allium

application/pdfArticledepartmental bulletin pape

Axonal RNAs highly expressed in the brain of chicken embryos

岩手大学博士（学術）doctoral thesi

Optimized expression and purification of NavAb provide the structural insight into the voltage dependence

Voltage‐gated sodium channels are crucial for electro‐signalling in living systems. Analysis of the molecular mechanism requires both fine electrophysiological evaluation and high‐resolution channel structures. Here, we optimized a dual expression system of NavAb, which is a well‐established standard of prokaryotic voltage‐gated sodium channels, for E. coli and insect cells using a single plasmid vector to analyse high‐resolution protein structures and measure large ionic currents. Using this expression system, we evaluated the voltage dependence and determined the crystal structures of NavAb wild‐type and two mutants, E32Q and N49K, whose voltage dependence were positively shifted and essential interactions were lost in voltage sensor domain. The structural and functional comparison elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the voltage dependence of prokaryotic voltage‐gated sodium channels.ファイル公開：2019-01-09journal articl

JURASSIC RADIOLARIANS FROM MANGANESE NODULES AT THREE SITES IN THE WESTERN NANJO MASSIF, FUKUI PREFECTURE, CENTRAL JAPAN(DATA)

A number of manganese nodules occur at three localities in the N anjo Massif, Mino Terrane,Central Japan. Generally,t hey are found in red shales between lower chert and upper shale and sandstone,a nd are considered to be rhodochrossite concretion in red shale. Abundant well-preserved radiolarians included in them are extracted and analyzed. Theyare interpreted to belong to Early to early Middle Jurassic in age. Accordingly,the manganese nodules in this area are the oldest manganese nodules in the Mino Terrane so far. For future researches,a lot of SEM photographs of radiolarians from the manganese nodules are presented with their distribution charts.departmental bulletin pape

Optimized expression and purification of NavAb provide the structural insight into the voltage dependence

Voltage‐gated sodium channels are crucial for electro‐signalling in living systems. Analysis of the molecular mechanism requires both fine electrophysiological evaluation and high‐resolution channel structures. Here, we optimized a dual expression system of NavAb, which is a well‐established standard of prokaryotic voltage‐gated sodium channels, for E. coli and insect cells using a single plasmid vector to analyse high‐resolution protein structures and measure large ionic currents. Using this expression system, we evaluated the voltage dependence and determined the crystal structures of NavAb wild‐type and two mutants, E32Q and N49K, whose voltage dependence were positively shifted and essential interactions were lost in voltage sensor domain. The structural and functional comparison elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the voltage dependence of prokaryotic voltage‐gated sodium channels.ファイル公開：2019-01-09journal articl

1 メタボリックシンドロームと糖尿病の係わり : メタボリックシンドロームの概念,診断基準とその背景も含めて(第630回新潟医学会,様々な領域でのメタボリックシンドロームの頻度と管理)

メタボリックシンドロームは,平安時代から存在し,1980年代から指摘されていた病態である.近年,脂肪摂取量の増加や運動不足の増加により,内臓脂肪型肥満が増加している.このために,分かりやすい診断基準が必要となり,この度メタボリックシンドロームという新たな診断基準が設けられた.診断基準はウエスト周囲径を必須項目とし,脂質,血圧,血糖のうち2項目以上を満たすものと定められた.ウエスト周囲径の基準については,女性が甘めに設定されているため,まだまだ議論の余地があり,不十分な基準である.内臓脂肪型肥満によって惹起される高血圧,高脂血症,高血糖の病態はたとえそれぞれの症状が軽微であっても心血管系疾患の発症リスクが増加する.そのため,ハイリスクでありながら見過ごされていた症例の早期介入が必要になる.耐糖能異常のある男性の7割以上がメタボリックシンドロームとなっており,糖尿病と関連が深いと考えられている.よって,メタボリックシンドロームの症例では糖負荷試験を施行することが推奨されている.メタボリックシンドロームの病態の主体は,脂肪細胞の分泌臓器としての役割である.脂肪細胞はアディポサイトカインと呼ばれる多彩な生理活性物質を分泌しており,過栄養により分泌異常を引き起こす。脂肪細胞の肥大化により,善玉アディポサイトカインが減少し,悪玉アディポサイトカインが上昇をする.その結果,動脈硬化のリスクが高まる.治療は,食事療法と運動療法が柱である.内臓脂肪を減少させる薬物療法はないが,メタボリックシンドロームに有効と報告されている薬剤はあり,今後も開発が期待される.内臓脂肪蓄積が主病態の糖尿病患者が増加している.メタボリックシンドロームの治療は,糖尿病の新規発症予防だけでなく,有効な治療と成り得る.メタボリックシンドロームの適切な診断と治療法の確立,更なる病態解明,十分なPRと理解,有効な治療薬の開発が大いに期待される.departmental bulletin pape

Table_3_Mapping and Dynamics of Regulatory DNA in Maturing Arabidopsis thaliana Siliques.xlsx

The genome is reprogrammed during development to produce diverse cell types, largely through altered expression and activity of key transcription factors. The accessibility and critical functions of epidermal cells have made them a model for connecting transcriptional events to development in a range of model systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana and many other plants, fertilization triggers differentiation of specialized epidermal seed coat cells that have a unique morphology caused by large extracellular deposits of polysaccharides. Here, we used DNase I-seq to generate regulatory landscapes of A. thaliana seeds at two critical time points in seed coat maturation (4 and 7 DPA), enriching for seed coat cells with the INTACT method. We found over 3,000 developmentally dynamic regulatory DNA elements and explored their relationship with nearby gene expression. The dynamic regulatory elements were enriched for motifs for several transcription factors families; most notably the TCP family at the earlier time point and the MYB family at the later one. To assess the extent to which the observed regulatory sites in seeds added to previously known regulatory sites in A. thaliana, we compared our data to 11 other data sets generated with 7-day-old seedlings for diverse tissues and conditions. Surprisingly, over a quarter of the regulatory, i.e. accessible, bases observed in seeds were novel. Notably, plant regulatory landscapes from different tissues, cell types, or developmental stages were more dynamic than those generated from bulk tissue in response to environmental perturbations, highlighting the importance of extending studies of regulatory DNA to single tissues and cell types during development.</p

Table_2_Mapping and Dynamics of Regulatory DNA in Maturing Arabidopsis thaliana Siliques.xlsx

The genome is reprogrammed during development to produce diverse cell types, largely through altered expression and activity of key transcription factors. The accessibility and critical functions of epidermal cells have made them a model for connecting transcriptional events to development in a range of model systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana and many other plants, fertilization triggers differentiation of specialized epidermal seed coat cells that have a unique morphology caused by large extracellular deposits of polysaccharides. Here, we used DNase I-seq to generate regulatory landscapes of A. thaliana seeds at two critical time points in seed coat maturation (4 and 7 DPA), enriching for seed coat cells with the INTACT method. We found over 3,000 developmentally dynamic regulatory DNA elements and explored their relationship with nearby gene expression. The dynamic regulatory elements were enriched for motifs for several transcription factors families; most notably the TCP family at the earlier time point and the MYB family at the later one. To assess the extent to which the observed regulatory sites in seeds added to previously known regulatory sites in A. thaliana, we compared our data to 11 other data sets generated with 7-day-old seedlings for diverse tissues and conditions. Surprisingly, over a quarter of the regulatory, i.e. accessible, bases observed in seeds were novel. Notably, plant regulatory landscapes from different tissues, cell types, or developmental stages were more dynamic than those generated from bulk tissue in response to environmental perturbations, highlighting the importance of extending studies of regulatory DNA to single tissues and cell types during development.</p

Table_1_Mapping and Dynamics of Regulatory DNA in Maturing Arabidopsis thaliana Siliques.xlsx

The genome is reprogrammed during development to produce diverse cell types, largely through altered expression and activity of key transcription factors. The accessibility and critical functions of epidermal cells have made them a model for connecting transcriptional events to development in a range of model systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana and many other plants, fertilization triggers differentiation of specialized epidermal seed coat cells that have a unique morphology caused by large extracellular deposits of polysaccharides. Here, we used DNase I-seq to generate regulatory landscapes of A. thaliana seeds at two critical time points in seed coat maturation (4 and 7 DPA), enriching for seed coat cells with the INTACT method. We found over 3,000 developmentally dynamic regulatory DNA elements and explored their relationship with nearby gene expression. The dynamic regulatory elements were enriched for motifs for several transcription factors families; most notably the TCP family at the earlier time point and the MYB family at the later one. To assess the extent to which the observed regulatory sites in seeds added to previously known regulatory sites in A. thaliana, we compared our data to 11 other data sets generated with 7-day-old seedlings for diverse tissues and conditions. Surprisingly, over a quarter of the regulatory, i.e. accessible, bases observed in seeds were novel. Notably, plant regulatory landscapes from different tissues, cell types, or developmental stages were more dynamic than those generated from bulk tissue in response to environmental perturbations, highlighting the importance of extending studies of regulatory DNA to single tissues and cell types during development.</p

Image_2_Mapping and Dynamics of Regulatory DNA in Maturing Arabidopsis thaliana Siliques.jpeg

The genome is reprogrammed during development to produce diverse cell types, largely through altered expression and activity of key transcription factors. The accessibility and critical functions of epidermal cells have made them a model for connecting transcriptional events to development in a range of model systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana and many other plants, fertilization triggers differentiation of specialized epidermal seed coat cells that have a unique morphology caused by large extracellular deposits of polysaccharides. Here, we used DNase I-seq to generate regulatory landscapes of A. thaliana seeds at two critical time points in seed coat maturation (4 and 7 DPA), enriching for seed coat cells with the INTACT method. We found over 3,000 developmentally dynamic regulatory DNA elements and explored their relationship with nearby gene expression. The dynamic regulatory elements were enriched for motifs for several transcription factors families; most notably the TCP family at the earlier time point and the MYB family at the later one. To assess the extent to which the observed regulatory sites in seeds added to previously known regulatory sites in A. thaliana, we compared our data to 11 other data sets generated with 7-day-old seedlings for diverse tissues and conditions. Surprisingly, over a quarter of the regulatory, i.e. accessible, bases observed in seeds were novel. Notably, plant regulatory landscapes from different tissues, cell types, or developmental stages were more dynamic than those generated from bulk tissue in response to environmental perturbations, highlighting the importance of extending studies of regulatory DNA to single tissues and cell types during development.</p