温度および光質がセントポーリアの培養葉外植体のカルス,不定シュートおよび不定根の形成に及ぼす影響

Articledepartmental bulletin pape

途上国の経験からみた日本の農村コミュニティ開発における新たな担い手とメカニズムに関する研究（中間報告）

Article【共同研究／Joint Research】departmental bulletin pape

Electron spin resonance analysis of the oxidation reactions of nitrone type spin traps with gold(III) ion

When cyclic nitrones, such as 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide （DMPO）, 4-phenyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide （PDMPO）, and 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide （M4PO） were mixed with hydrogen tetrachloroaurate（III）, DMPOX （5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolid-2-one-N-oxyl）-type free radicals appeared with the precipitation of Au（0）. The reaction did not proceed with non-cyclic nitrones, such as N-tert-butyl-α-phenyl-nitrone （PBN） and α-（4-pyridyl-1-oxide）-N-tert-butyl-nitrone （POBN）. The order of the HAuCl4 decrease was DMPO > PDMPO > M4PO. The reaction was depressed by the addition of chloride or hydroxide ions. 1-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolid-2-one （HDMPN）, the precursor of DMPOX, was also oxidized to DMPOX by HAuCl4. Every step of gold reduction from Au（III） to Au（0） can be used for the oxidation of HDMPN to DMPOX. Based on these and previous results, the reaction was explained by the assumed scheme consisted of the ligand exchange interaction of AuCl4 – with >N+-O– in DMPO, the nucleophilic addition of water molecule to DMPO, the stepwise intra-molecular transfer of three electrons from DMPO to Au（III）, and the precipitation of Au（0）.Copyright notice:http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/journals/copyright.htm

Design of optical fiber Bragg grating-based sensors for flow measurement in pipes

In this work, optical Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to measure water flow in pipes. Several types of coatings were incorporated into the design of the sensors to examine their effects on the elastic strain that the fiber underwent as a result of the water flow. ANSYS-CFX V2020 R2 software was used to model the elastic strain encountered by the fiber under various flow rates in order to assess the performance of the FBG sensors. The calculations and experimental data exhibited good convergence, demonstrating the accuracy of the FBG sensors in determining water flow. These calculations and procedures can be extrapolated to any other fluid.This work was supported in part by projects PID2019-107270RB-C02, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”, and TED2021-130378B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR

Gaseous fueling of an adapted commercial automotive spark-ignition engine: simplified thermodynamic modeling and experimental study running on hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and their mixtures

In the present work, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the binary mixtures 20 % CH4–80 % H2, 80 % CH4–20 % H2, 25 % CO–75 % H2 (by volume) were considered as fuels of a naturally aspirated port-fuel injection four-cylinder Volkswagen 1.4 L spark-ignition (SI) engine. The interest in these fuels lies in the fact that they can be obtained from renewable resources such as the fermentation or gasification of residual biomasses as well as the electrolysis of water with electricity of renewable origin in the case of hydrogen. In addition, they can be used upon relatively easy modifications of the engines, including the retrofitting of existing internal combustion engines. It has been found that the engine gives similar performance regardless the gaseous fuel nature if the air–fuel equivalence ratio (λ) is the same. Maximum brake torque and mean effective pressure values within 45–89 N⋅m and 4.0–8.0 bar, respectively, have been obtained at values of λ between 1 and 2 at full load, engine speed of 2000 rpm and optimum spark-advance. In contrast, the nature of the gaseous fuel had great influence upon the range of λ values at which a fuel (either pure or blend) could be used. Methane and methane-rich mixtures with hydrogen or carbon monoxide allowed operating the engine at close to stoichiometric conditions (i.e. 1 < λ < 1.5) yielding the highest brake torque and mean effective pressure values. On the contrary, hydrogen and hydrogen-rich mixtures with methane or carbon monoxide could be employed only in the very fuel-lean region (i.e. 1.5 < λ < 2). The behavior of carbon monoxide was intermediate between that of methane and hydrogen. The present study extends and complements previous works in which the aforementioned fuels were compared only under stoichiometric conditions in air (λ = 1). In addition, a simple zero-dimensional thermodynamic combustion model has been developed that allows describing qualitatively the trends set by the several fuels. Although the model is useful to understand the influence of the fuels properties on the engine performance, its predictive capability is limited by the simplifications made.Financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” (grant PID2021-127265OB-C21), as well as from Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia and NextGenerationEU (grants PLEC2022-009221 and TED2021-130846B-100) is gratefully acknowledged. L.M. Gandía also thanks Banco de Santander and Universidad Pública de Navarra for their financial support under “Programa de Intensificación de la Investigación 2018” initiative. Authors also acknowledge Open Access Funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra

Influence of the power supply on the energy efficiency of an alkaline water electrolyser

Electric energy consumption represents the greatest part of the cost of the hydrogen produced by water electrolysis. An effort is being carried out to reduce this electric consumption and improve the global efficiency of commercial electrolysers. Whereas relevant progresses are being achieved in cell stack configurations and electrodes performance, there are practically no studies on the effect of the electric power supply topology on the electrolyser energy efficiency. This paper presents an analysis on the energy consumption and efficiency of a 1 N m3 h1 commercial alkaline water electrolyser and their dependence on the power supply topology. The different topologies of power supplies are first summarised, analysed and classified into two groups: thyristor-based (ThPS) and transistor-based power supplies (TrPS). An Electrolyser Power Supply Emulator (EPSE) is then designed, developed and satisfactorily validated by means of simulation and experimental tests. With the EPSE, the electrolyser is characterised both obtaining its I–V curves for different temperatures and measuring the useful hydrogen production. The electrolyser is then supplied by means of two different emulated electric profiles that are characteristic of typical ThPS and TrPS. Results show that the cell stack energy consumption is up to 495 W h N m3 lower when it is supplied by the TrPS, which means 10% greater in terms of efficiency.We gratefully acknowledge Acciona Biocombustibles and Ingeteam, and particularly Mr. Eugenio Guelbenzu and Mr. Javier Pérez, for their financial and permanent support. We also acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (grant number DPI2006-15703-C02-02) and the Department of Education of the Government of Navarra for their financial support

Aluminum coated fiber optic sensor for enhancing flow rate measurement

A water flow and velocity aluminum-coated Fiber Bragg Grating sensor system for open channels was designed, simulated and tested. The sensing head was designed, ruggedized and customized to measure velocities at different depths, in order to calculate the discharge in open channels. This paper shows, for the first time to our knowledge, the simulation of such kind of fiber sensors in open channels.This work was supported in part by projects PID2019-107270RB-C02, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”, and TED2021-130378B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR

妊娠ラットとその胎仔のトリプトファン代謝 ～子宮内胎児発育不全（IUGR）の影響～

ポスターjournal articl

Improved measurements of branching fractions and CP asymmetries in B-->etah decays

journal articl

Inter-rater reliability of streetscape audits using online observations : Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) global in Japan

掲載誌：Saito Y, Oguma Y, Inoue S, Breugelmans R, Kikuchi H, Oka K, Okada S, Takeda N, Cain KL, Sallis JF (2022). Inter-rater reliability of streetscape audits using online observations : Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) global in Japan, Preventive Medicine Reports, 7; 30: 102043.研究紹介：国外学術誌掲載論文からdepartmental bulletin pape