Fine structure of Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation near the Cherenkov threshold

We analyze the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation (VCR) in a dispersive nontransparent dielectric air-like medium both below and above the Cherenkov threshold, in the framework of classical electrodynamics. It is shown that the transition to the subthreshold energies leads to the destruction of electromagnetic shock waves and to the sharp reduction of the frequency domain where VCR is emitted. The fine wake-like structure of the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation survives and manifests the existence of the subthreshold radiation in the domain of anomalous dispersion. These domains can approximately be defined by the two phenomenological parameters of the medium, namely, the effective frequency of oscillators and the damping describing an interaction with the other degrees of freedom.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Analysis of Structure Destroyed Metal after Diffusion Heat Treatment

It was accomplished research of the structure steel which carbonitriding and subsequent heat treatment was exposed for its cause's destruction to discover. For measure quality field of metal were used methods optical, appearing electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Therefore one of the principal problems were research phase composition, grain and dislocation structure of a metal the gear teeth. Mechanism of rising hear cracks in the gear teeth on different stages her making and their trajectories of evolution were determined

From roses to bullets: the rise and decline of post-Soviet colour revolutions

The chapter explores the reasons for the colour revolutions’ successes and failures in the post-Soviet space. The article starts with an overview on the colour movement from the first stirrings to the present day. We then propose criteria that will be applied to our analysis, constructed on five variables. The factual analysis of individual countries that follows is built around these five variables

L-homology theory of FSQL-manifolds and the degree of FSQL-mappings

A homology theory of Banach manifolds of a special form, called FSQL-manifolds, is developed, and also a homological degree of FSQL-mappings between FSQL-manifolds is introduced

Study of the genetic polymorphism of diploid wheat Triticum boeoticum Boiss. using SSR markers

Diploid wheat Triticum boeoticum Boiss. (genome constitution AA) is a promising source of new valu­able alleles for improving cultivated wheat species. Therefore, the evaluation of the intraspecies diversity of T. boeoticum and DNA fingerprinting of accessions of this species are topical tasks. In this paper, the ge­netic diversity of over 60 T. boeoticum accessions was studied using 11 SSR markers. The analysis revealed 83 alleles, 7.5 alleles per locus on the average. The values of expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity varied within 0.00–0.74 and 0.17–0.89, respectively, the average indices being HO = 0.13 and HE = 0.52. The PIC value for each locus was within 0.17–0.88, 0.49 on the average. Unique alleles were found in all loci studied. Cluster analysis allowed the accessions studied to be combined into five major groups. The distances between the groups varied from 0 to 1, pointing to a high level of genetic differences in the collection under study. On the base of PCoA, five major groups were formed and some correspondence with the dendrogram was detected. Summarizing the data of PCoA and cluster analysis, we noted a weak genetic differentiation in the studied collection of T. boeoticum. A correlation between the genetic distance and geographic origin was revealed only for accessions of diploid wheat T. boeoticum from Iran. The analysis of the T. boeoticum accessions studied showed a wide diversity for SSR loci. The results expand our knowledge and pro­vide additional information on the genetic structure of the collection and on the genetic diversity of T. boeoti­cum accessions studied

Problems of procedural rights abuse

In this article, the monographic and scientific publications, the practice of unfair realization of rights by the participants of the process are analyzed based on the analysis of certain international legal act

The State and Collective Digital Identities: Youth and the Diaspora

Комплексная природа нынешней конфигурации транснациональных молодежных движений определяет необходимость создания государством механизмов, подходов и знаний для того, чтобы иметь возможность понимать, интерпретировать и вмешиваться в транснациональные молодежные процессы. Необходимость компетентных стратегий для разработки и реализации программ, ориентированных на молодежь и диаспору, определяет необходимость в отдельном государственном органе, который был бы инициативным, динамичным, информированным и достаточно мобильным, чтобы быть функциональным учреждением, способным выявлять процессы, происходящие внутри и за пределами государственной границы, и участвовать в них. Цифровая диаспора как одна из коллективных идентичностей транснациональной молодежи представляет собой новую форму комьюнити молодых людей, выстраиваемого на площадках интернет-пространства с целью сохранения и приумножения существующего социального капитала в условиях миграции.The complex nature of the current configuration of transnational youth movements determines the need for the state to create mechanisms, approaches, and knowledge in order to be able to understand, interpret and inter-vene in transnational youth processes. The need for competent strategies for the development and implementation of programs aimed at youth and the diaspora determines the necessity for an independent state body that would be proactive, dynamic, informed, and mobile enough to be a functional institution capable of identifying and participating in the processes taking place inside and outside the state border. The digital diaspora, as one of the collective identities of transnational youth, is a new form of a community of young people built on the sites of the Internet space to preserve and increase the existing social capital in migration conditions

Adaptive potential of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties of Azerbaijan

Background. Studies into the adaptability of the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives to various environments are induced by global climate change. Introduction of adaptive wheat cultivars resistant to environmental stressors is the basis for stable harvests. This article presents the results of a research into the adaptive value of indigenous durum wheat varieties and improved cultivars released in different years in Azerbaijan.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the foothills of Mountainous Shirvan under unsecured non-irrigation at Gobustan Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. In 2012–2014, contrasting in weather conditions, levels and structure of yield were analyzed. VIR’s guidelines were used to study 42 durum wheat varie ties, including 10 landraces. The years of study differed sharply in rainfall. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the conditions of growing seasons.Results. Mostly modern cultivars of the semi-intensive type were distinguished for a set of agrobiological traits. Adaptability coefficients (0.81–1.23) showed that the response of the studied varieties to unfavorable conditions was highly expressed. Indigenous landraces ‘Ag bughda’ and ‘Bozak’, old breeding varieties ‘Arandani’, ‘Ag bughda 13’, ‘Kahraba’ and ‘Mirbashir 50’, and new cultivars ‘Karagilchig 2’ and ‘Barakatli 95’ had the highest adaptability coefficients. The first of them demonstrated stable yield, and the latter two were also resistant to stressors.Conclusion. Durum wheat yields under the conditions of moderately continental climate in Mountainous Shirvan depended on the number and weight of grains per ear. The varieties identified for the best adaptability are recommended to be included in crosses to develop new plastic cultivars of durum wheat