Coordinated cadastral system for Peninsular Malaysia : from concept to reality

The main objectives of conducting cadastral surveys that had been promulgated in the early days of its practice have since been continually adhered to and later came to be adopted as amongst the principal functions of DSMM. They were stated in the Survey Regulations (DSMM, 1976) as follows: “(a) To provide evidence which will completely and permanently identify the land conveyed by any title issued by government. (b) To compile and make available records of alienation necessary for intelligent land administration.

Influence of symmetry breaking on the fluctuation properties of spectra

We study the effect of gradual symmetry breaking in a non-integrable system on the level fluctuation statistics. We consider the case when the symmetry is represented by a quantum number that takes one of two possible values, so that the unperturbed system has a spectrum composed of two independent sequences. When symmetry-breaking perturbation is represented by a random matrix with an adjustable strength, the shape of the spectrum monotonously evolves towards the Wigner distribution as the strength parameter increases. This contradicts the observed behaviour of the acoustic resonance spectra in quartz blocks during the breaking of a point-group symmetry that has two eigenvalues, where the system changes in the beginning towards the Poisson statistics then turns back to the GOE statistics. This behaviour is explained by assuming that the symmetry breaking perturbation removes the degeneracy of a limited number of levels, thus creating a third chaotic sequence. As symmetry breaking increases, the new sequence grows at the expense of the initial pair until it overwhelms the whole spectrum when the symmetry completely disappears. The calculated spacing distribution and spectral rigidity are able to describe the evolution of the observed acoustic resonance spectra.Comment: 11 pages Latex and 4 postscript figure

BcB_c mesons in a Bethe-Salpeter model

We apply our Bethe-Salpeter model for mesons to the $B_c$ family with parameters fixed in our previous investigation. We evaluate the mass of the pseudo-scalar $B_c$ meson as 6.356 GeV/$c^2$ and 6.380 GeV/$c^2$ and the lifetime as 0.47 ps and 0.46 ps respectively in two reductions of the Bethe-Salpeter Equation, in good agreement with the recently reported mass of 6.40 $\pm$ 0.39 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.13 (syst.) GeV/$c^2$ and lifetime of $0.46^{+0.18}_{-0.16}$ (stat.) $\pm$ 0.03 (syst.) ps by the CDF Collaboration. We evaluate the decay constant of the $B_c$ meson and compare different contributions to its decay width.Comment: 9 page