Optimization of polysaccharide productio by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens using response surface methdology

Kefiran is an exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens which was isolated from kefir grains. Kefiran has wide applications mainly in food and pharmaceutical industries. Growth and kefiran production of L. kefiranofaciens can be significantly enhanced by using mixed culture technique. Saccharomyces cerevisiae in this study was used to enhance the kefiran production by reducing lactic acid accumulation in the cultivation medium. The statistical analysis was used for optimization study by using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design. The interaction was studied between three different levels of variables that were lactose, yeast extract and phosphate. A second order polynomial model was used to correlate the factors. The model was found to be significant. The optimum concentration of lactose, yeast extract and phosphate obtained using statistical media optimization is 59.09 g L-1, 8.69 g L-1and 0.5 g L-1 respectively. Kefiran production in optimized medium was 0.97 g L-1 which gave an increase in kefiran production up to 42.65 % compared to the un-optimized medium which was only 0.68 g L-1 of kefiran

Optimization of exopolysaccharide production by pleurotus ostreatus using diffrent cultivation strategies

Pleurotus ostreatus or known as oyster mushroom was regarded as one of the most cultivated mushroom around the world. One of the qualities it has is it able to produced exopolysaccharide called pleuran which secreted into the medium during submerged fermentation. The polysaccharide composed mainly of ß-(1/3)-D glucose and ß-(1/6)-D glucose linked by glycosidic bond. It has molecular weight of 2.4 X 104 Da with molecular formula of (C6H10O5)x The importance of pleuran is that it has the immunomodulatory properties that associated in triggering our immune system response. Nowadays, submerged fermentation is considered as the best method in cultivation this kind of mushroom. However, the production process of this kind of mushroom and its exopolysaccharide production especially in term of medium component is still unclear. In this research, the objectives were to optimize the medium composition and to find the optimum carbon to nitrogen (C: N) ratio for high exopolysaccharide production. Eight different media was screened and followed by factor by factor optimization of the medium component. The factors that been studied were ideal concentration of glucose, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and dipotassium phosphate. Media number six which contain glucose 60.0 g L-1, yeast extract 2.0 g L-1, (NH4)2SO4 5.0 g L-1, MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g L-1, K2HPO4 1.0 g L-1 was selected as best media production for P. ostreatus cultivation . The experiment then was further with different concentration of each component in the medium six excluding magnesium sulfate heptahydrate which maintained at 0.2 g L-1 throughout all the experiment stage. The range concentration for glucose, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and dipotassium phosphate was setup between 0 – 120 g L-1, 0 – 4 g L-1, 0 – 5 g L-1 and 0 – 2 g L-1 respectively. In order to get the best C: N ratio for highest exopolysaccharide production, eleven ratio of carbon to nitrogen was experimented ranging from 15:1 to 65:1.Result shown that the optimum concentration for glucose, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and dipotassium phosphate was 80.0, 4.0, 2.5 and 1.0 g L-1 respectively whiles the optimal C: N ratio recorded was 40: 1. The optimized medium also produced 2.83 g L-1 of exopolysaccharide increasingly up to 49 % when compared with un-optimized medium which only produced 1.9 g L-1 of exopolysaccharide

Activity and stability of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on chitosan coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles in aqueous and organic media

Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method, coated by chitosan and functionalized by glutaraldehyde. Lipase enzyme from Candida rugosa was immobilized on the prepared particles via cross linking reaction. Synthesis steps and characterization were examined by XRD, TEM, and FTIR.  The immobilization conditions were 10 mL of phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.5) containing 30 mg of  functionalized magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and 2.0 mg·mL-1 of lipase, immobilization temperature of 4 ℃ and immobilization time of 1 h. Under these conditions, lipase was successfully immobilized with loading capacity of 87 mg/g. The immobilized enzyme showed good operational and storage stability, where it remained stable after 30 days of storage at 4â—¦C.and retained about 61% of its initial activity after twenty repeated uses. Finally enzymatic catalyze synthesis of butyl and hexyl oleate at 40 â—¦C with shaking (200 rpm) was realized in n-hexane and confirmed by GC analysis

Congenital hydrocephalus in an Egyptian baby with trisomy 18: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Trisomy 18 is the second most common autosomal trisomy after Down syndrome (trisomy 21). A variety of anomalies of the central nervous system are observed in cases of trisomy 18. The association between trisomy 18 and congenital hydrocephalus is very rare.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 4-month-old male Egyptian baby boy was referred to Assiut University hospital for evaluation of his large-sized head. The initial clinical examination revealed facial dysmorphism including a prominent wide forehead, wide anterior fontanel, bushy eyebrows, synophrosis, small palpebral fissures, ocular hypertelorism, high arched palate, depressed nasal bridge, low-set ears, micrognathia, bilateral clenched hands with over lapping fingers, rocker-bottom feet and penile hypospadius. A computed tomography scan of the patient's head showed a dilatation of all the ventricular systems of the brain that suggested hydrocephalus. A chromosome analysis of his peripheral blood confirmed a trisomy of chromosome 18 (47, XX+18). The hydrocephalus was treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of the abnormal increase in his head circumference. He was discharged home on nasogastric feeds at the age of 5 months. Despite the advice of the medical team, his parents did not bring him for further follow up. He died at the age of 7 months due to a sudden cardiorespiratory arrest at home.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Microcephaly is not mandatory for the diagnosis of trisomy 18 syndrome because some cases of trisomy 18 can be associated with other anomalies of the central nervous system, including hydrocephalus. There is no proven explanation for this association, and the management of hydrocephalus in such a situation is not different from the usual course of management.</p

Patient satisfaction with cataract surgery

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Measuring the patient satisfaction is a very important issue that will help very much in improving the service provided to patients and improve the level of satisfaction.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>To evaluate patient satisfaction with the cataract surgery service and identify any areas for improvement, determination of patient satisfaction with referral, out-patient consultation, pre-assessment clinic, surgery and post-operative care, also to report patients' comments relating to improvement in service provision.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>A retrospective study was undertaken for 150 patients underwent cataract surgery at Barrow General Hospital, UK, the survey sample was by postal questionnaires. We collected our data from the theatre lists for a period of 4 month.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This study included 150 patients; the response rate was (72%) 108 patients, Most patients were referred from their general practitioner 86.1%, 93 (86.1%) patients were happy with the time interval from seeing their GP to eye clinic. In the eye out patient department many factors significantly affected the level of patient satisfaction, in general the more information provided for the patient the more the satisfaction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Patient satisfaction is on important health outcome old understanding both the domains of satisfaction as well as their relative importance to patients is necessary to improve the overall quality of patient care. Meeting the doctor, presenting all relevant information and giving printed information are very important factors in improving the patient's satisfaction with cataract surgery.</p

Safety and benefits of large-volume liposuction: a single center experience

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Liposuction is a surgical technique to remove excess fat deposits from specific areas of the body. Purpose of this study is to determine how far large volume liposuction is safe and effective.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>From July 2003 to December 2005, 60 female patients had liposuction of different areas of the body as waist, hips, buttocks, thighs, and knees. Their mean age was 30.6 ± 15.4 years old. A standard liposuction technique was done by using a tumescent infiltration formula. The average amount of infusate was 3000 cc, with an average aspirate amount of 6000 cc. Pre-operative anthropometric measurements as weight, height, body mass index, areas to be liposuctioned in addition to pre-operative hematological investigations as complete blood picture, blood sugar, liver function tests, blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum cholesterol were done.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative photographs. Postoperative anthropometric measurements and hematological investigations were done at 6^thweek, and 4^thmonth after surgery. The rate of complications was low and relatively minor in nature. No major complications were presented. Minor complications have occurred as skin irregularities (20%), Seroma (15%), Garment pressure sore (10%), Cutaneous hyper-pigmentation (5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Large-volume liposuction can be performed safely and it can produce desirable morphological and hematological changes.</p

Effect of Sickle Cell Crises Prevention Guide for Children on Parents Knowledge and Reported Practices

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a global health concern associated with high childhood morbidity and mortality. The major associated complication is sickle cell crisis which cause frequent hospital admission. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sickle cell crises prevention guide for children on parents’ knowledge and reported practices. The study was conducted at Hematology &amp; oncology unit of Pediatric department at Menoufia University Hospital and Health insurance hospital for children.  A quazi experimental design was used. A convenient sample of parents with sickle cell children in the above mentioned settings were selected (34 parents) from January to November 2018. One tool was used for data collection consists of 4-sections questionnaire to assess parents' knowledge and practice. The results of this study revealed that there were knowledge deficit between parents' about sickle cell disease, approximately two thirds of parents (64.7%) had improved on post intervention for reported practices of crisis prevention than pre intervention. Also, 79.4% of parents didn’t use social and cultural practices in prevention of sickle cell crises post intervention. Therefore, there was a highly statistical significance differences between pre and post intervention. Conclusion, implementing sickle cell prevention guide improve parents’ knowledge and reported practices for prevention of crises to promote children recovery. Recommendation, ensure that sickle cell booklets are made available to hospitals for parents in order to remind themselves on treatment and prevention of sickle cell crises. Keywords: Sickle cell crisis, knowledge, Practice DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/64-07 Publication date:July 31st 201