Effect of mixed and artificial feeding on the growth performance of Gattan Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 larvae

This work aimed to study the rearing feasibility of Luciobarbus xanthopterus larvae using artificial and mixed (live (Chlorella sp.) + artificial) food and their effects on their growth performance during early development. Larvae (1.65 cm in length and 0.02 g weight) were obtained from a Marine Science Hatchery and cultured in indoor tanks for 35 days. the larvae fed mixed feed T1 and artificial feed T2 (fish meal + soybean meal). The results showed that the larvae of T1 treatment outperformed significantly in final length, final weight, final weight gain, daily and specific growth rate, which amounted to 3.44 cm, 0.3568 g, 0.3368 g, 0.0096 g/day, and 8.2185 % weight/day, respectively. Also, the results showed that larvae fed on T1 grew faster. The present study showed that applying a mixture of artificial and live food after four weeks' age i.e. after absorption of the yolk sac for feeding larvae can reduce the costs of producing and providing better growth and survival rates

Removal of Cadmium(II) Onto Granular Activated Carbon And Kaolinite Using Batch Adsorption

The removal of Cd(II) onto granular activated carbon (GAC) and kaolinite in singlecomponent systems has been studied using batch adsorption. Batch adsorption studied werecarried out under various amount of GAC and Kaolinite, Cd(II) ion concentration, pH andcontact time. The experimental data was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cd(II) was determined fromLangmuir isotherm equation and found to be 3.002 mg/g for GAC and 1.837 mg/g forkaolinite. Pore diffusion model for batch adsorption is used to predict the concentrationdecaycurve for adsorption of Cd(II) onto GAC and kaolinite

Comparison The Kinetics of The Uptake of Sugars From The Draw Solution

The present work includes studying the kinetics of the adsorptionof two sugars (maltose and glucose)on activated carbon (GAC) and comparison between them. These sugars are used as draw solution in the forward osmosis process in MOD-SET system(manipulated osmosis desalination system, MOD combined with solute exchange technique, SET). In this work, batch experiment in a stirred tank was carried out to study kinetics adsorption. The experiment was carried out using HPLC to determine the concentrations of sucrose and maltosebefore and after adsorption. The kinetic models used are pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and mass transfer model. The findings indicates that sucrose and maltose sorption onto GAC are both well represented by the pseudo second order model

The Audio Frequency Conductance Study of Some Metal Succinate Salts in Aqueous Medium at Different Temperatures (Part I: Magnesium, Manganese (II), Barium and Copper Succinates)

The audio electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of magnesium, manganese II, barium, and copper succinates have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 298.15 K to 313.15 K, using an audio frequency conductance bridge. The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimisation technique using the theoretical equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts (P) and Fuoss-Hsia (F-H), each a three-parameter equation, association constant (KA), molar conductance (Λm), and distance parameter (a). Quantitative results showed that these salts do not behave as “strong” electrolytes, and that their dissociations are far from complete. The abnormally low conductances of these electrolytes are not due to the presence of electrically neutral molecules but to the ion-pair formation. The Walden product values, as well as the standard thermodynamics functions (ΔH∘,ΔG∘,ΔS∘) for the association reaction at the four temperatures studied, have been evaluated.</jats:p

The Audio Frequency Conductance Study of Some Metal Succinate Salts in Aqueous Medium at Different Temperatures (Part Ii: Zinc, Nickel and Cobalt Succinates)

The electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of zinc, nickel and cobalt succinates have been measured at four temperatures in the temperature range from 298.15K to 313.15K. The limiting molar conductances (Λo), association constants (KA) and the closest distances of approach (a) were calculated using the complete and modified forms of Fouss-Hsia (F/H) and Pitts (P). Quantitative results showed that these salts do not behave as "strong" electrolytes, and that their dissociations are far from complete. The abnormally law conductances of these electrolytes are due to the ion pair formation. The Walden product values, as well as the standard thermodynamic functions (DHo, DGo, DSo) for association reactions have been evaluated

The levels of IFN- , IL-12 And Testosterone Hormone in Persons with Asymptomatic Toxoplasmosis

Background: The primary goal of this study is to perceive the immunological differences in mean level of IFN- and IL-12 in persons who have positive results for anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies compared to persons who gave negative results for these antibodies. The secondary goal is to inspect the endocrineimmune interaction in thesepersons by detecting the effect of testosterone hormone level on cellular immune response namely, IL-12& IFN- . This study also detect the effect of Toxoplasma gondii on the level of testosterone hormone in those persons compared with healthy control. Objective: Investigate the relationship between T. gondii and serum IL-12,IFN- and testosterone hormone levels in asymptomatic persons with positive anti-toxoplasma antibodies compared with healthy control and Study the endocrine _immune interaction in these persons . Patients and methods: Seventy seven asymptomatic persons who have positive anti-toxoplasma antibodies and 30 persons who have negative anti-toxoplasma antibodies were included in this study and subjected to estimating the levels of IL-12, IFN- and testosterone hormone by ELISA technique. Results: The levels of both IL-12 and IFN- were statistically higher in persons with positive antitoxoplasma antibodies than in control. The levels of testosterone hormone were higher in both males and females with positive toxoplasmosis than control. There was a positive association between increased level of testosterone and IL-12 level while there was no effectiveness of testosterone on IFN- level in persons with positive anti-toxoplasma antibodies. Conclusion: Toxoplasma gondii elicits cellular immune response detected by statistically important increased in IL-12 and IFN- level compared with control. Not only host hormone can affect responses to infection, but parasites can both enhance production and alter hormone concentration in their hosts

Phylotyping and Functional Analysis of Two Ancient Human Microbiomes

Background: The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is one of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research. Primary interests of the HMP include the distinctiveness of different gut microbiomes, the factors influencing microbiome diversity, and the functional redundancies of the members of human microbiotas. In this present work, we contribute to these interests by characterizing two extinct human microbiotas. Methodology/Principal Findings: We examine two paleofecal samples originating from cave deposits in Durango Mexico and dating to approximately 1300 years ago. Contamination control is a serious issue in ancient DNA research; we use a novel approach to control contamination. After we determined that each sample originated from a different human, we generated 45 thousand shotgun DNA sequencing reads. The phylotyping and functional analysis of these reads reveals a signature consistent with the modern gut ecology. Interestingly, inter-individual variability for phenotypes but not functional pathways was observed. The two ancient samples have more similar functional profiles to each other than to a recently published profile for modern humans. This similarity could not be explained by a chance sampling of the databases. Conclusions/Significance: We conduct a phylotyping and functional analysis of ancient human microbiomes, while providing novel methods to control for DNA contamination and novel hypotheses about past microbiome biogeography. We postulate that natural selection has more of an influence on microbiome functional profiles than it does on the species represented in the microbial ecology. We propose that human microbiomes were more geographically structured during pre-Columbian times than today

Epigenetic regulation of caloric restriction in aging

The molecular mechanisms of aging are the subject of much research and have facilitated potential interventions to delay aging and aging-related degenerative diseases in humans. The aging process is frequently affected by environmental factors, and caloric restriction is by far the most effective and established environmental manipulation for extending lifespan in various animal models. However, the precise mechanisms by which caloric restriction affects lifespan are still not clear. Epigenetic mechanisms have recently been recognized as major contributors to nutrition-related longevity and aging control. Two primary epigenetic codes, DNA methylation and histone modification, are believed to dynamically influence chromatin structure, resulting in expression changes of relevant genes. In this review, we assess the current advances in epigenetic regulation in response to caloric restriction and how this affects cellular senescence, aging and potential extension of a healthy lifespan in humans. Enhanced understanding of the important role of epigenetics in the control of the aging process through caloric restriction may lead to clinical advances in the prevention and therapy of human aging-associated diseases