Relación entre el hematocrito y algunos parámetros biológicos del sábalo de la India, Tenualosa ilisha (Familia Clupeidae)

Haematological parameters have been recognised as valuable tools for the monitoring of fish health. Here we analyse the relationship between haematocrit and body length, sex and reproductive state in the Indian Shad Tenualosa ilisha. Haematocrit value showed a quadratic relationship to fish size (body length), incrementing as the fish body length increased up to 400 mm, after which it decreased. Male fish showed a higher haematocrit value than females. Haematocrit appeared to be higher in the pre–spawning period than in the spawning phase, but then increased slightly in the post–spawning period.Se ha demostrado que los parámetros hematológicos constituyen una valiosa herramienta para controlar la salud de los peces. En este artículo se analiza la relación entre el hematocrito y la longitud del cuerpo, el sexo y el estado reproductivo del sábalo de la India Tenualosa ilisha. Se ha encontrado una relación cuadrática entre el valor del hematocrito y el tamaño del pez (longitud del cuerpo), en aumento con la longitud del cuerpo, hasta los 400 mm, para después empezar a disminuir. Los valores del hematocrito de los peces machos son más elevados que los de las hembras. Parece que el hematocrito es más elevado en el periodo anterior al desove que durante el mismo, aunque en el período posterior se registra un ligero aumento

The Spot Weldability of Carbon Steel Sheet

The specimens of thickness 0.8 mm carbon steel number 1.8902 in a strip form were welded. The strips of lap joints and curved peeljoints configurations have been welded. The welding parameters such as weld current and weld time have been investigated. The relation between the weld area and the joint strength properties has been presented. The obtained results were showing that the weld joint strength and the molten area (weld nugget volume) highly increase with the increasing of weld current. Therefore, the correlation between the maximum load (joint strength) and area has been given. The reliable weldability under the tensile and shearing loading was considered. Therefore, the new limits of weldability have been presented to consider these two types of loading. Moreover, the experimental results were compared with the empirical relations that consider the sheet thickness only

The construction of Complete (kn,n)-arcs in The Projective Plane PG(2,5) by Geometric Method, with the Related Blocking Sets and Projective Codes

A (k,n)-arc is a set of k points of PG(2,q) for some n, but not n + 1 of them, are collinear. A (k,n)-arc is complete if it is not contained in a (k + 1,n)-arc. In this paper we construct complete (kn,n)-arcs in PG(2,5), n = 2,3,4,5, by geometric method, with the related blocking sets and projective codes

Effect of Some Medicinal Plants on the Activity of Some Immunological Factors in Saliva and Serum of Type –?? Diabetics

The study involved 45 male and 45 females of diabetic patients type- ?? aged from 40-69years , and with the same numbers of males and females for control , all the patients and controls were without any periodontal diseases and without any systemic disease. Diabetic patients were divided in to three groups according to the degree of periodontitis , and the inflamed gingiva of all groups of diabetic patients were treated with the dried fruits powder (crude) of medicinal plants Quercus robur , Thuja occidenalis , Terminalia chebula, Anethum graveolens , respectively and mixture. Some immunological and antimicrobial factors (IgA, Lactoferrin , Lysozyme ) , were detected in serum and saliva of diabetic patients and the controls , the results revealed that the level of IgA , Lysozyme in saliva were more than in serum of the control , and this will insure that these factors are considered to be generally protected against bacteria in the oral cavity . Also there was a significant increase at (p?0.001) especially after treatment with the mixture of medicinal plants , so that the mixture of these plants can be considered the best type in the treatment of inflamed gingiva of type –?? diabetic patients

Loss of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 subunit in mouse beta-cells impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and inhibits their sensitivity to hypoglycaemia

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) signalling plays a key role in whole-body energy homoeostasis, although its precise role in pancreatic β-cell function remains unclear. In the present stusy, we therefore investigated whether AMPK plays a critical function in β-cell glucose sensing and is required for the maintenance of normal glucose homoeostasis. Mice lacking AMPKα2 in β-cells and a population of hypothalamic neurons (RIPCreα2KO mice) and RIPCreα2KO mice lacking AMPKα1 (α1KORIPCreα2KO) globally were assessed for whole-body glucose homoeostasis and insulin secretion. Isolated pancreatic islets from these mice were assessed for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and gene expression changes. Cultured β-cells were examined electrophysiologically for their electrical responsiveness to hypoglycaemia. RIPCreα2KO mice exhibited glucose intolerance and impaired GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion) and this was exacerbated in α1KORIPCreα2KO mice. Reduced glucose concentrations failed to completely suppress insulin secretion in islets from RIPCreα2KO and α1KORIPCreα2KO mice, and conversely GSIS was impaired. β-Cells lacking AMPKα2 or expressing a kinase-dead AMPKα2 failed to hyperpolarize in response to low glucose, although KATP (ATP-sensitive potassium) channel function was intact. We could detect no alteration of GLUT2 (glucose transporter 2), glucose uptake or glucokinase that could explain this glucose insensitivity. UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) expression was reduced in RIPCreα2KO islets and the UCP2 inhibitor genipin suppressed low-glucose-mediated wild-type mouse β-cell hyperpolarization, mimicking the effect of AMPKα2 loss. These results show that AMPKα2 activity is necessary to maintain normal pancreatic β-cell glucose sensing, possibly by maintaining high β-cell levels of UCP2

Characterization of Saprolegnia spp. isolates from infected eggs, fry and adults of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. based on molecular data in Al-Manahel and Al-Wahda fish hatcheries, in middle of Iraq

The aim of this study was to identify Saprolegnia spp. isolated from inffected common carp Cyprinus carpio L. eggs and fry in two fish hatcheries (Al-Manahel and Al-Wahda) in the middle part of Iraq, during the period from March-June 2009. It was evident from molecular diagnosis (PCR Technique) that isolates of the genus Saprolegnia, shared one feature (production of secondary zoospores with long hooked hairs). These isolates were divided into four groups based on the findings of molecular diagnostics PCR. Isolates of Saprolegnia spp. were characterized genetically and physiologically. The majority (25 from45) of the isolates in both hatcheries were almost genetically identical as assessed by RAPD-PCR. The remaining isolates belonged to three different groups

Synthesis and Characterization of New Copper (II) Complexes with mixed ligand of Heterocyclic Dithiocarbamates and 4-picoline,luitidine ,en,(1-10)phen,pph3

تم تحضير معقدات جديدة للنحاس تتضمن ليكندات مختلطة صيغتها العامة [Cu(4-Hydrpipdtc)2L2] و [Cu(4-methylpipdtc)2L2] حيث ان (4-Hydrpipdtc), و(4-methylpipdtc) = 4-hydroxylpiperidinedithiocarbamate و 4-methylpiperidinedithiocarbamate على التوالي و L = 4-picoline ,luitidine ,en ,(1-10)phen,PPh3وشخصت المعقدات المحضرة بواسطة تحليل العناصر وقياسات التوصيلية واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والمرئية والفوق البنفسجية وقياسات الحساسية المغناطيسية ومن النتائج تم اقتراح الشكل المربع المستوي للمعقد بس داي ثايوكاربميت نحاس (II) والشكل ثماني السطوح للمعقدات الاخرى

Comparing conventional, biochemical and genotypic methods for accurate identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Sudan

Klebsiella pneumoniae is recognized as one of the most important healthcare-associated pathogens worldwide due to its tendency to develop antibiotic resistance and cause fatal outcomes. Bacterial identification methods such as culture and biochemical tests are routinely used with limited accuracy in many low- and middle income countries including Sudan. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of identification of K. pneumoniae in Khartoum, Sudan. Two hundred and fifty K. pneumoniae isolates were collected and subjected to identification by conventional phenotypical methods, biochemical using API 20E, and genotypically by amplification of 16S-23S rDNA and sequencing of rpoB, gapA, and pgi. Only 139 (55.6%) of the isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae genotypically by PCR and 44.4% were identified as non-K. pneumoniae. The results demonstrate that the identification panels used by the hospitals were inaccurately identifying K. pneumonia and led to over estimation of the prevalence of this organism. The current identification methods used in Khartoum hospitals are highly inaccurate, and therefore we recommend the use of a comprehensive biochemical panel or molecular methods, when possible, for accurate identification of K. pneumoniae

Stress Intensity Factor for Aluminum and Copper Spot Weld Joints

For decades, resistance spot welding (RSW) between aluminum and copper has encountered difficulties; however, it remains essential for modern applications. Additionally, crack propagation and the stress intensity factor (SIF) of dissimilar RSW have not been extensively investigated. The welding parameters used for Al-Al joints were as follows: welding current, time, and electrode force were set at 14,000 Amps, 0.8 seconds, and 7,000 N, respectively. Conversely, for Al-Cu joints, 14,000 Amps, 1 second, and 8,800 N were determined. The similar joints exhibited an average weld nugget size of 6 mm, whereas the dissimilar joints had a nugget size of 5.2 mm. The tensile shear force was 690 N and 780 N for dissimilar and similar joints, respectively. Accordingly, the fatigue load, as a percentage of the tensile force, was utilized at 414 N and 468 N for Al-Cu and Al-Al, respectively. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to determine the SIF. The initial crack length was determined to be 0.1 mm. The numerical solution was then compared with theoretical solutions for the opening SIF-KI, such as the equations proposed by Pook and Zhang. The FEA results showed higher values of SIF compared to those from theoretical solutions. Additionally, crack propagation was investigated for both dissimilar and similar joints at a determined failure load. Cracks tended to develop close to the heat-affected zone (HAZ) around the weld nugget diameter (dn). SIF and crack path have been verified