Probabilistic Mass-Radius Relationship for Sub-Neptune-Sized Planets

The Kepler Mission has discovered thousands of planets with radii $<4\ R_\oplus$, paving the way for the first statistical studies of the dynamics, formation, and evolution of these sub-Neptunes and super-Earths. Planetary masses are an important physical property for these studies, and yet the vast majority of Kepler planet candidates do not have theirs measured. A key concern is therefore how to map the measured radii to mass estimates in this Earth-to-Neptune size range where there are no Solar System analogs. Previous works have derived deterministic, one-to-one relationships between radius and mass. However, if these planets span a range of compositions as expected, then an intrinsic scatter about this relationship must exist in the population. Here we present the first probabilistic mass-radius relationship (M-R relation) evaluated within a Bayesian framework, which both quantifies this intrinsic dispersion and the uncertainties on the M-R relation parameters. We analyze how the results depend on the radius range of the sample, and on how the masses were measured. Assuming that the M-R relation can be described as a power law with a dispersion that is constant and normally distributed, we find that$M/M_\oplus=2.7(R/R_\oplus)^{1.3}$, a scatter in mass of$1.9\ M_\oplus$, and a mass constraint to physically plausible densities, is the "best-fit" probabilistic M-R relation for the sample of RV-measured transiting sub-Neptunes ($R_{pl}<4\ R_\oplus$). More broadly, this work provides a framework for further analyses of the M-R relation and its probable dependencies on period and stellar properties.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal on April 28, 2016. Select posterior samples and code to use them to compute the posterior predictive mass distribution are available at https://github.com/dawolfgang/MRrelatio

Human Resource Management in New Jersey State Government

In 2005, the State of New Jersey Department of Personnel commissioned the Heldrich Center to study the critical human resource management issues confronting New Jersey state government. This report highlights the study's findings including: the human resource management function must be elevated to a position of primacy in state government, the state must reengineer the Department of Personnel into an effective human resource management agency with a broader mission than overseeing transactions and compliance with statutes and regulations, and the state must support its human resource function with adequate staff resources

Movimientos tectónicos y sociedad: Memoria histórica y desafíos actuales de Haití

Reseñas de: Dubois, Laurent, Haiti: The Aftershocks of History, Metropolitan Books, Nueva York, 2012, ps. 434 - Schuller, Mark, Killing with Kindness. Haiti, International Aid, and NGOs, Rutgers University Press, Nueva Jersey, 2012, ps. 25

Pemetaan Wilayah Pengiriman Produk Untuk Mendukung E-commerce Stokis Pt.gema Energi Total Dalam Melayani Mitra Kerja

PT. Gema Energi Total (GET) merupakan Perusahaan berbasis bisnis multilevel marketing yang sedang berkembang di Indonesia. Proses penyebaran produk saat ini masih menggunakan cara konvensional dengan menggunakan media sosial. PT. GET menerapkan sistem dropship kepada stokis dan member-nya. Penerapan sistem pemetaan wilayah kirim produk untuk mendukung E-Commerce stokis PT. GET dalam melayani mitra kerja bertujuan untuk menyediakan media penjualan dalam internal bisnis PT. GET secara business to business (B2B) yang dapat memudahkan member dalam memesan produk kepada stokis untuk dikirim ke konsumen akhir. Sistem pemetaan wilayah E-Commerce ini dibangun berbasis web dengan menggunakan metode FAST (Framework for the Application of System Techniques), PHP sebagai bahasa pemograman, dan MySQL sebagai DBMS-nya. Dengan adanya repository data transaksi penjualan dan penyebaran produk maka pihak Perusahaan dapat memantau langsung penjualan pada tingkat stokis dan member

The convergence between critical security studies and human security: The dynamics of preserving and overcoming

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la posible confluencia entre los estudios críticos de seguridad y la seguridad humana. Para ello examinaremos, principalmente, aspectos ontológicos y epistemológicos vinculados a cada perspectiva. Comenzaremos por precisar el lugar que ocupan los estudios críticos de seguridad dentro del mapa de los estudios de seguridad y luego indagaremos en la diferenciación entre las teorías críticas y las teorías problem-solving. Expondremos las principales propuestas de los estudios críticos de seguridad centrándonos en la Escuela de Gales y dedicaremos un pequeño apartado a la relación entre seguridad, comunidad y emancipación. Por último, haremos una breve descripción del enfoque de seguridad humana para finalmente, desde la perspectiva de los estudios críticos de seguridad, analizar la confluencia señaladaThe objective of this article is to analyze the possible convergence between critical security studies and human security. We will mainly examine ontological and epistemological issues related to each perspective. Firstly, we will briefly place critical security studies as part of security studies map, taking into account the differentiation related to critical theories and problem-solving theories. Secondly, we will focus on the main points of the Welsh School and we will dedicate some lines to the relationship among security, community and emancipation. Eventually, from the point of view of critical security studies, after a brief description of human security approach, we will analyse the convergence pointe

Peranan Komunikasi Antarpribadi Pemimpin Pemuda Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Beribadah Pemuda Gmim Sion Warembungan

Penelitian ini dengan judul “Peranan Komunikasi Antarpribadi Pemimpin Pemuda Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Beribadah Pemuda Gmim Sion Warembungan”, bermaksud untuk mengkaji secara mendalam permasalahan penelitian ini yaitu tentang bagaimana peranan komunikasi antarpribadi pemimpin pemuda dalam meningkatkan minat beribadah Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan kerangka teori adalah teori interaksi simbolik (George Herbert Mead 1934). Dengan teknik pengumpulan data menjalankan quisioner.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1).Bentuk komunikasi yang sering digunakan adalah komunikasi antarpribadi, komunikasi kelompok, dengan pendekatan persuasif selalu digunakan kaitannya dengan meningkatkan minat beribadah pemuda di jemaat Gmim Sion Warembungan. (2).Pendekatan komunikasi instruksional masih kurang di gunakan guna meningkatkan minat beribadah pemuda yang ada di jemaat Gmim Sion Warembungan tersebut. (3). Situasi dan suasana komunikasi yang terbuka, santai sangat sering terjadi dalam interaksi komunikasi antara pimpinan pemuda dengan pemuda lainnya, berkaitan dengan bagaimana meningkatkan minat beribadah pemuda di jemaat Gmim Sion Warembungan. (4). Media atau saluran yang sangat banyak digunakan pemimpin pemuda berkaitan dengan meningkatkan minat beribadah pemuda di jemaat Gmim Sion Warembungan adalah media bbm, sms, jejaring sosial; Facebook, whatsup dll, sedangkan website belum terlalu di manfaatkan. Saran penelitian adalah (1).Peranan komunikasi antarpribadi pemimpin pemuda dalam meningkatkan minat beribadah pemuda di jemaat Gmim Sion Warembungan dapat perlu ditingkatkan lebih optimal lagi dengan memanfaatkan secara penuh berbagai macam pendekatan bentuk komunikasi. (2).Pemimpin pemuda perlu membuat strategi komunikasi yang lebih tepat lagi guna meningkatkan minat beribadah pemuda gereja, dalam kaitannya mengantisipasi pengaruh-pengaruh perkembangan modernitas yang begitu kompleks yang mulai berkembang di Manado dan Sulut, antarlain gaya hidup modern, kecanggihan teknologi yang bisa mengganggu keyakinan pemuda untuk selalu beribadah

Granulomatous fasciitis followed by morphea profunda: Is granulomatous fasciitis part of a spectrum of deep morphea? A case report and review of the literature.

Although eosinophilic fasciitis is known to be part of the deep morphea spectrum, this first report of the coexistence of granulomatous fasciitis and morphea profunda suggests that granulomatous fasciitis may also be a part of the spectrum of deep morphea

Red and processed meat consumption and purchasing behaviours and attitudes: impacts for human health, animal welfare and environmental sustainability

Objective: Higher intakes of red and processed meat are associated with poorer health outcomes and negative environmental impacts. Drawing upon a population survey the present paper investigates meat consumption behaviours, exploring perceived impacts for human health, animal welfare and the environment. Design: Structured self-completion postal survey relating to red and processed meat, capturing data on attitudes, sustainable meat purchasing behaviour, red and processed meat intake, plus sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Setting: Urban and rural districts of Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, UK, drawn from the electoral register. Subjects: UK adults (n 842) aged 18–91 years, 497 females and 345 males, representing a 35·6 % response rate from 2500 randomly selected residents. Results: Women were significantly more likely (P 60 years) were more likely to hold positive attitudes towards animal welfare (P<0·01). Less than a fifth (18·4 %) of the sample agreed that the impact of climate change could be reduced by consuming less meat, dairy products and eggs. Positive attitudes towards animal welfare were associated with consuming less meat and a greater frequency of ‘higher welfare’ meat purchases. Conclusions: Human health and animal welfare are more common motivations to avoid red and processed meat than environmental sustainability. Policy makers, nutritionists and health professionals need to increase the public’s awareness of the environmental impact of eating red and processed meat. A first step could be to ensure that dietary guidelines integrate the nutritional, animal welfare and environmental components of sustainable diets

Item analysis of university-wide multiple choice objective examinations: the experience of a Nigerian private university

Teachers and Students worldwide often dance to the tune of tests and examinations. Assessments are powerful tools for catalyzing the achievement of educational goals, especially if done rightly. One of the tools for ‘doing it rightly’ is item analysis. The core objectives for this study, therefore, were: ascertaining the item difficulty and distractive indices of the university wide courses. A range of 112–1956 undergraduate students participated in this study. With the use of secondary data, the ex-post facto design was adopted for this project. In virtually all cases, majority of the items (ranging between 65% and 97% of the 70 items fielded in each course) did not meet psychometric standard in terms of difficulty and distractive indices and consequently needed to be moderated or deleted. Considering the importance of these courses, the need to apply item analyses when developing these tests was emphasize

Changing white into brite adipocytes. Focus on >BMP4 and BMP7 induce the white-to-brown transition of primary human adipose stem cells>

Editorial.This review was supported by Grants S2010/BMD-2423 from Comunidad de Madrid and SAF2012-32491 from MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), Spain (to M.-J. Obregon).Peer Reviewe