From spring to summer? Revolutionary change in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya

This article offers an analysis of the early stages of the revolutions that have been taking place in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Here we consider the early stages of the revolutions from winter 2010-11 up until the summer of 2012 and offers a comparative study of the experiences of the early stage of the revolutions in each case study. In particular this study considers the roles of six variables on the process of regime change and transition as follows: 1) duration of the uprising up to regime change; 2) the initial outcome of the revolution/uprising; 3) the number of deaths and casualties; 4) the post-regime change status of key members of the former governing elite; 5) the existence and nature of post-regime change elections; and 6) levels of international involvement. This study finds that in all three case studies, considering these variables offers insight into the nature and effect of the early stages of the revolutions. Furthermore, in each case there are key similarities in some of these variables but significant differences in others which suggest that the processes of transition are not directly comparable with each other. This article also offers some thoughts on how the early stages of these revolutions could affect the direction and pace of change in each state

Libya after the civil war: regime change and democratisation

This article examines changes in Libya’s internal security, politics, economy and international relations since the start of the revolution in February 2011. Our main argument is that in order to transition from authoritarianism to democracy significant change in each of these four, mutually reinforcing, areas is needed. Drawing on data collected through media analysis and field work, we offer a discussion of the nature of change in Libya and how far the country has democratised. We claim that significant changes in Libya’s political system and foreign relations have taken place since 2011 that reinforce the process of democratisation. Within the political system these changes include the conduct of free and fair elections, the formation of new political parties, the reinforcement of civil rights and liberties, governmental accountability and the emergence of a participant political culture. Within foreign relations they include deeper cooperation with regional and international actors, reintegration into the Arab League, and rapprochement with Western states. However, we also observe that structural economic changes, in particular raising personal incomes and lowering poverty, and the normalisation of security provision are moving forward more slowly. We conclude that democratisation in Libya is taking place and there is a solid possibility that embedded democracy will emerge in Libya in the medium to long-term

Maximum-likelihood coherent-state quantum process tomography

Coherent-state quantum process tomography (csQPT) is a method of completely characterizing a quantum-optical "black box" by probing it with coherent states and performing homodyne measurements on the output [M. Lobino et al, Science 322, 563 (2008)]. We present a technique for csQPT that is fully based on statistical inference, specifically, quantum expectation-maximization. The method relies on the Jamiolkowski isomorphism and iteratively reconstructs the process tensor in the Fock basis directly from the experimental data. This approach permits incorporation of a priori constraints into the reconstruction procedure, thereby guaranteeing that the resulting process tensor is physically consistent. Furthermore, our method is easier to implement and requires a narrower range of coherent states than its predecessors. We test its feasibility using simulations on several experimentally relevant processes.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Politik Berbasis Partisipasi Siswa Dalam Pkn (Studi Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 3 Sukoharjo)

This study aims to: (1) To develop a learning model based Political Education in civics student participation in accordance with the conditions of SMA Negeri 3 Sukoharjo. (2) Describe the steps Political Education learning models based on participation of students in Civics in accordance with the conditions of SMA Negeri 3 Sukoharjo. (3) Describe the feasibility of developing a learning model based on student participation Political Education in Civics in accordance with the conditions of SMA Negeri 3 Sukoharjo. This study uses the research or development of Research and Development. Data analysis is an interactive model of analysis of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Research procedures using the steps preliminary study phase, development and testing. Based on these results it can be concluded that: (1) High School Civics Teacher Interior 3 Sukoharjo desperately need civics learning models that optimize student participation in the learning of political education. These needs can be equipped with developing learning models that are tailored to the conditions of SMA Negeri 3 Sukoharjo. (2) The steps of Politics Partisipare learning model is as follows: (a) Planning Phase (b) Implementation Phase (c) Evaluation Phase. (3) Of all the due diligence has been carried out by researchers generate that the learning model is on average rated as excellent and worthy by a team of experts, teachers and students so as to promote student participation in politics with through civics education

Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Solvabilitas terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan pada Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013 - 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of liquidity and solvency on profitability in the food and beverage sub-sector listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013 until 2016 because that often happens company can not balance that where a position of liquidity and solvabilities not adequate due to company orientation which always the pursuit of profit without compensating for the management of the aspect of the ability to pay its obligations or because the company is too concerned about liquidity and solvency so that it neglects its profitability aspect.This study uses multiple regression analysis tools with significance 0,050 and data analysis using spss application. The variable for liquidity is measured by using current ratio, solvency is measured by dept to equity ratio while profitability is measured by net profit margin. Sampling method used is purposive sumpling method.The result of research partially show that liquidity have significant effect and have positive correlation to profitability, whereas solvability also have significant effect to profitability and have a positive correlation. Simultaneously, liquidity and solvency have a significant effect on profitability.The conclusions of this study suggest that the three proposed hypotheses are proved or the three hypotheses accepted. This means that the company's ability to meet its short-term and long-term debt obligations affects the company's profit. The higher the pay rate then followed by the increasing profit achieved by the company

Ibm Tempe Bekatul Prebiotik

Rice brand of tempeh is one way of food fortification based fermented soy beans , which had been added with rice bran. Dependence on imported soybean production impact to high cost of raw materials and product. The concept of food fortification is used for the characterization of foods biosuplemen health improvement as a functional food . Therefore efforts should be done to substitute the yellow soybean seeds using other raw materials that are safe, nutritious and economical as was as rice bran and Chito - oligosaccharides ( COS ) . One form is a novelty that can be developed as biosuplemen prebiotic prebiotic natural healthy and highly nutritious . Krajan is one of the industrial centers tofu located in Kalurahan Mojosongo , District Jebres , Surakarta, Central Java Province . In this area there are more than 100 entrepreneurs tofu every day on average to process 250 kg of soybeans into tempeh . The UKM partners that will be used for this program are named UKM " Dele Mas " and UKM " Moelyo Santoso ". The purpose of the activities is to apply the COS and rice bran as a preservative and a natural prebiotic in the production of soybean bran on the partners to become a comprehensive program of activities and sustainable