Recycling of Products Causing Pollution: a Suggestive Reverse Supply Chain Model for India

Introduction The concept of reuse of metal scrap, waste paper, packing materials, soft drink bottles, etc has been in viable existence for some time. The primary reason for this is the simple fact that recycling of the used product is far more economical than disposal. Further, concerns for the environment have also promoted inclusion of several new products to the above list of ‘reusable' items. Globally, waste reduction efforts have incubated the idea of developing reverse supply chains for recycling instead of only the forward supply chain. Total paper recycled in Europe, during 1994 was only 27.7 million tonnes. Thereafter, consumer awareness assured an annual increase in collections by about 70 per cent. By year 2000 Europe was recovering 43 per cent of the total paper consumption. During the same period, recycling of glass in Europe grew by almost 10 per cent (in tonnes collected) to more than 7 million tonnes, with a recycling rate of about 60 per cent (EUROSTAT, 1997).  Regulations in Germany mandate recovery rate for packaging materials between 60 per cent and 75 per cent. The Netherlands reuses 46 per cent of all industrial waste (CBS, 1997). In these cases the concept of reuse gave rise to a new material flow system, i.e. from the user back to the producers. ‘The management of this material flow opposite to the conventional supply chain is a fast growing field and now addressed as reverse logistics' (Stock, 1992) (Kopicky, 1993).  DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.340598

Power Quality Issues of Electric Arc Furnace and their Mitigations -A Review

Electrical Power quality is used to determine the health of the electrical power system that connects the consumer's devices. It is concerned with voltage quality, current quality, reliability of service, quality of power supply etc. Actually the power quality refers to maintaining the sinusoidal waveform of power distribution bus voltage at rated voltage magnitude and frequency. Voltage flicker and harmonics are the main types of power quality problems that are very common to the power system containing electric arc furnace (EAF). Utilities connecting electrical arc furnaces are highly concerned regarding these disturbances and try as far as possible to minimize them. In this paper, EAF is presented for the study of power quality problems and their mitigation. Analysis regarding power quality indices related to both AC and DC type arc furnace has been presented

Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135686/1/jum201635112413.pd

Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake—A Greenhouse Study

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with \u3e90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro- and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil organic matter significantly (\u3c0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or total N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil Mehlich3 (M3) P and KCl extractable soil NO3− for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of plant total N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3 extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil

AAC W1876 hard red spring wheat

AAC W1876 hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grain yield and time to maturity within the range of the check cultivars: Katepwa, Laura, Lillian, Carberry, and CDC Kernen. AAC W1876 has an awned spike, a low lodging score indicative of strong straw, and a short plant stature typical of a semidwarf wheat. AAC W1876 expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, moderate resistance to stem rust, intermediate resistance to fusarium head blight, yellow rust, common bunt, and loose smut. Compared to the Canada Western Red Spring check cultivars, AAC W1876 had improved flour yield and lower flour ash. AAC W1876 is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring

Comparing Early Transcriptomic Responses of 18 Soybean (Glycine max) Genotypes to Iron Stress

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress that negatively affects soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Much of our knowledge of IDC stress responses is derived from model plant species. Gene expression, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in soybean suggest that stress response differences exist between model and crop species. Our current understanding of the molecular response to IDC in soybeans is largely derived from gene expression studies using near-isogenic lines differing in iron efficiency. To improve iron efficiency in soybeans and other crops, we need to expand gene expression studies to include the diversity present in germplasm collections. Therefore, we collected 216 purified RNA samples (18 genotypes, two tissue types [leaves and roots], two iron treatments [sufficient and deficient], three replicates) and used RNA sequencing to examine the expression differences of 18 diverse soybean genotypes in response to iron deficiency. We found a rapid response to iron deficiency across genotypes, most responding within 60 min of stress. There was little evidence of an overlap of specific differentially expressed genes, and comparisons of gene ontology terms and transcription factor families suggest the utilization of different pathways in the stress response. These initial findings suggest an untapped genetic potential within the soybean germplasm collection that could be used for the continued improvement of iron efficiency in soybean.This article is published as Kohlhase, D.R.; McCabe, C.E.; Singh, A.K.; O’Rourke, J.A.; Graham, M.A. Comparing Early Transcriptomic Responses of 18 Soybean (Glycine max) Genotypes to Iron Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111643.This research was financed in part by funds provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) CRIS Project 3625-21220-006-00D, USDA CRIS Project IOW04714 to A.K.S., and the North Central Soybean Research Program Project FAR0024859 to J.A.O. and M.A.G

Patterns of strain and the determination of the safe arc of motion after subscapularis repair—A biomechanical study

This study characterizes the strain patterns and safe arcs for passive range of motion (ROM) in the superior and inferior subscapularis tendon in seven cadaveric shoulders, mounted for controlled ROM, after deltopectoral approach to the glenohumeral joint, including tenotomy of the subscapularis tendon 1 cm medial to its insertion on the lesser tuberosity. The tenotomy was repaired with end‐to‐end suture in neutral rotation. Strain patterns were measured during passive ROM in external rotation (ER), ER with 30° abduction (ER+30), abduction, and forward flexion in the scapular plane (SP) before and after surgery. Percentages were calculated from 35 trials corresponding to five trials of each motion across seven specimens. With ER of 0−30°, 89% of trials of superior subscapularis tendon and 100% of trials of inferior subscapularis tendon achieved strains >3%, with very similar patterns noted in ER+30. In abduction of 0−90°, 5.8% of trials of superior and 85.3% of trials of inferior tendon achieved >3% strain. With passive ROM in SP, 26.5% of trials reached 3% strain in superior tendon compared to 100% in inferior tendon. Strain patterns in abduction and SP differed significantly (p < 0.001). Selective tenotomy and repair of the superior subscapularis tendon with open reparative or reconstructive shoulder procedures, when feasible, may be favorable for protected early passive ROM and rehabilitation postoperatively. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:518–524, 2016.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137457/1/jor23045-sup-0002-SuppData-S2.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137457/2/jor23045.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137457/3/jor23045_am.pd

AAC Congress Durum Wheat

Congress durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. Averaged over three years, AAC Congress yielded significantly more grain than Strongfield and AC Navigator. AAC Congress had protein concentration significantly lower than Strongfield but significantly higher than Brigade. AAC Congress is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum. It has lower grain cadmium concentration and higher yellow pigment concentration than the check cultivars, except AAC Cabri