AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW ON EMERGING DRUG TARGETS OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of mortality and morbidity. Worldwide, yet, it has been over 60 years since a novel drug was introduced in market to treat the disease exclusively. Increased number of drug resistant TB cases has prompted the search for novel potent anti-TB drug. Mycobacterial cell wall has unique structure which provides integrity to the cell. The future development of new potent anti-TB drug targets is associated with the synthesis of various cell wall constituents; the structural and genetic information about mycobacterial cell wall envelope is now available. In the present review, we have focused on prospective drug targets that can be optimum triumph for successful drug candidate

Design and Analysis of Automated Packaging Machine for IndustrialApplications

The main aim of our project is to pack bottles automatically. This project will automatically pack the tonic bottles with the help of Geneva wheel. The components which are used in the project are decided. The components are electric motor, Pneumatic cylinder, Geneva wheel, conveying system. The force will be exerted by the pneumatic cylinder on the bottles so it will go inside the box and it will get packed. This system is invented for the human convenience. The 3D model will be drawn with the help of CATIA software. The experimental testing will be carried out and then the result & conclusion will be drawn

Design and Analysis of Automated Packaging Machine for IndustrialApplications

: The main aim of our project is to pack bottles automatically. This project will automatically pack the tonic bottles with the help of Geneva wheel. The components which are used in the project are decided. The components are electric motor, Pneumatic cylinder, Geneva wheel, conveying system. The force will be exerted by the pneumatic cylinder on the bottles so it will go inside the box and it will get packed. This system is invented for the human convenience. The 3D model will be drawn with the help of CATIA software. The experimental testing will be carried out and then the result & conclusion will be drawn

Comparison of artesunate and quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomized control trial

Background: Severe malaria is a medical emergency that required prompt clinical assessment and management. Very few studies underwent to evaluate the best possible treatment for severe malaria.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, open-labeled, study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of artesunate compared with quinine. Totally, 50 patients were included in each group. Patients above 18 years, peripheral smear positive and fulfilling the WHO criteria were included. The endpoint of the study was fever clearance time (FCT), parasite clearance time (PCT) and coma resolution time (CRT), and the adverse effect if any were compared for safety analysis.Results: FCT and PCT were much less with artesunate (29.64 and 39.72 hrs) as compared to quinine (51.12 and 55.20 hrs). CRT was less with quinine (25.80 hrs) than artesunate (42 hrs). The incidence of adverse effects such as hypoglycemia and QT prolongation are significant with quinine compared to artesunate.Conclusions: Artesunate is a better alternative for severe malaria with minimal side effects

Evaluation of lipid lowering ability of atorvastatin and ezetimibe combination as compared with atorvastatin monotherapy

Background: Many patients on statin therapy do not achieve recommended LDL cholesterol goals. They require either high dose statin regimen or combination of statins with other lipid modifying agents. Ezetimibe is a novel drug when added to statins, will provide additional reduction in LDL-C level.Methods: Total 100 patients with CHD or hypertension and having serum LDL-C levels of ≥100 mg/dl were enrolled for the study and were randomly allocated to two groups. Baseline investigations done. Patients from Group I received Atorvastatin (10mg) per day orally and patients from group II received combination of Atorvastatin (10mg) and Ezetimibe (10mg) per day orally. Study treatment was started on the day of randomization and continued for 12 weeks and follow up visits were scheduled at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. During each follow up investigations repeated and patients were interviewed and examined for occurrence of any adverse effect.Results: There was greater reduction in levels of LDL-C, Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides in patients treated with Atorvastatin plus Ezetimibe combination as compared to those patients treated with Atorvastatin alone. This difference in percentage reduction in LDL-C, Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels in two groups was highly significant at 4, 8 and 12 weeks (p100mg/dl as it significantly lowers the LDL-C along with total cholesterol and triglycerides

THERMOSENSITIVE IN SITU GEL OF TINIDAZOLE IN TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the leading cause of vaginal discharge. Because of its big surface area, wealthy blood supply, avoidance of the first-pass effect and high permeability to many drugs, the vagina offers a promising location for local impact as well as systemic drug delivery. In situ gels give several benefits, such as ease of administration in the respective body cavities, elevated spreadability at certain temperatures, reduced administration frequency, improved patient compliance and comfort compared to standard dosage forms. Tinidazole (TNZ) can give effective treatment over the BV. In situ gel of TNZ containing polaxomer 407 and HPMC E100 or carbopol 941NF was optimized on the basis of various evaluation parameters. Gelation temperature (Tgel) and pH of all batches was found in range of 36.6 to 38.0 ºC and 4.20 to 5.03, viscosity was found in range of 1100-2050 cps at 25ºC and 4800-6530 cps at 37ºC. The Spredability was found in range of 16-20 cm. From these evaluation parameters we selected best combination for the mucoadhesive property, antimicrobial study, in vitro drug release and for HET CAM irritation study. The optimized formulation gives satisfactory results. In this study we also compare the performance of two mucoadhesive polymer. Based on maximum desirability and cost effectiveness, in situ vaginal gel containing 20% polaxomer and 0.5% HPMC E100 could be considered as a highly promising treatment for bacterial vaginosis

STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC-PDA METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ABIRATERONE ACETATE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS BASE CATALYZED DEGRADATION PRODUCT BY LC-MS

Objective: The present work describes stability indicating (SI) RP-HPLC-PDA method for determination of abiraterone acetate (ABA) and characterization of its base catalyzed degradation product by LC-MS.Methods: The separation was achieved by using column Kromasil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 4.0 µ) using acetonitrile (ACN): ammonium acetate buffer 10 mM, pH adjusted to 3.5 with acetic acid (AA) in the ratio of 10:90 % v/v as eluent. The Mobile phase flow rate was 0.6 ml/min and data integration was achieved at 235 nm.Results: The retention time of ABA was 5.4±0.01 min. Linearity was found to be in the range of 5–30 μg/ml. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.25 μg/ml and 0.75 μg/ml respectively, and percentage recovery of ABA was found to be 99.52 to 100.13 %. Mass spectral data of base degraded product of ABA shows a prominent molecular ion peak at m/z-391.5. Major fragmentation leads to formation of 10–Methyl 2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15-dodecanhydro-1H cyclopenta (α)phenanthren-3-ol as a degradant (D2) at m/z-257.81, due to corresponding loss of C8H12ON. All the analytical validation parameters were determined and found in the limit as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: The results of the various validation studies showed that the LC method is fast, specific, accurate, reproducible, possessed significant linearity and precision. The drug was found to be stable under all the stress conditions except basic stress. Thus developed method reported first time is novel with a very short run time of 6 min.Â