Effect of breakfast omission on energy intake and evening exercise performance

Introduction: Breakfast omission may reduce daily energy intake. Exercising fasted impairs performance compared with exercising after breakfast, but the effect breakfast omission has on evening exercise performance is unknown. This study assessed the effect of omitting breakfast on evening exercise performance and within-day energy intake. Methods: Ten male, habitual breakfast eaters completed two trials in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Subjects arrived at the laboratory in an overnight-fasted state and either consumed or omitted a 733 ± 46 kcal (3095 ± 195 kJ) breakfast. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed at 4.5 h (lunch) and 11 h (dinner). At 9 h, subjects completed a 30-min cycling exercise at approximately 60% V˙O2peak, followed by a 30-min maximal cycling performance test. Food was not permitted for subjects once they left the laboratory after dinner until 0800 h the following morning. Acylated ghrelin, GLP-1(7–36), glucose, and insulin were assessed at 0, 4.5, and 9 h. Subjective appetite sensations were recorded throughout. Results: Energy intake was 199 ± 151 kcal greater at lunch (P < 0.01) after breakfast omission compared with that after breakfast consumption and tended to be greater at dinner after consuming breakfast (P = 0.052). Consequently, total ad libitum energy intake was similar between trials (P = 0.196), with 24-h energy intake 19% ± 5% greater after consuming breakfast (P < 0.001). Total work completed during the exercise performance test was 4.5% greater after breakfast (314 ± 53 vs 300 ± 56 kJ; P < 0.05). Insulin was greater during breakfast consumption at 4.5 h (P < 0.05), with no other interaction effect for hormone concentrations. Conclusions: Breakfast omission might be an effective means of reducing daily energy intake but may impair performance later that day, even after consuming lunch

Gene dispersion is the key determinant of the read count bias in differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data

Background: In differential expression analysis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) read count data for two sample groups, it is known that highly expressed genes (or longer genes) are more likely to be differentially expressed which is called read count bias (or gene length bias). This bias had great effect on the downstream Gene Ontology over-representation analysis. However, such a bias has not been systematically analyzed for different replicate types of RNA-seq data. Results: We show that the dispersion coefficient of a gene in the negative binomial modeling of read counts is the critical determinant of the read count bias (and gene length bias) by mathematical inference and tests for a number of simulated and real RNA-seq datasets. We demonstrate that the read count bias is mostly confined to data with small gene dispersions (e.g., technical replicates and some of genetically identical replicates such as cell lines or inbred animals), and many biological replicate data from unrelated samples do not suffer from such a bias except for genes with some small counts. It is also shown that the sample-permuting GSEA method yields a considerable number of false positives caused by the read count bias, while the preranked method does not. Conclusion: We showed the small gene variance (similarly, dispersion) is the main cause of read count bias (and gene length bias) for the first time and analyzed the read count bias for different replicate types of RNA-seq data and its effect on gene-set enrichment analysis

The Effects of Cocaine on Different Redox Forms of Cysteine and Homocysteine, and on Labile, Reduced Sulfur in the Rat Plasma Following Active versus Passive Drug Injections

Received: 28 November 2012 / Revised: 19 April 2013 / Accepted: 6 May 2013 / Published online: 16 May 2013 The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.comThe aim of the present studies was to evaluate cocaine-induced changes in the concentrations of different redox forms of cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), and products of anaerobic Cys metabolism, i.e., labile, reduced sulfur (LS) in the rat plasma. The above-mentioned parameters were determined after i.p. acute and subchronic cocaine treatment as well as following i.v. cocaine self-administration using the yoked procedure. Additionally, Cys, Hcy, and LS levels were measured during the 10-day extinction training in rats that underwent i.v. cocaine administration. Acute i.p. cocaine treatment increased the total and protein-bound Hcy contents, decreased LS, and did not change the concentrations of Cys fractions in the rat plasma. In turn, subchronic i.p. cocaine administration significantly increased free Hcy and lowered the total and protein-bound Cys concentrations while LS level was unchanged. Cocaine self-administration enhanced the total and protein-bound Hcy levels, decreased LS content, and did not affect the Cys fractions. On the other hand, yoked cocaine infusions did not alter the concentration of Hcy fractions while decreased the total and protein-bound Cys and LS content. This extinction training resulted in the lack of changes in the examined parameters in rats with a history of cocaine self-administration while in the yoked cocaine group an increase in the plasma free Cys fraction and LS was seen. Our results demonstrate for the first time that cocaine does evoke significant changes in homeostasis of thiol amino acids Cys and Hcy, and in some products of anaerobic Cys metabolism, which are dependent on the way of cocaine administration

Prognostic value of depression, anxiety disorders and inflammatory markers in patients with heart failure

[Anstract Not Available]Research Fund of the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University [TSA-2014-]This research on NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha was supported by the Research Fund of the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University (project No TSA-2014

SeeBridge Next Generation Bridge Inspection: Overview, Information Delivery Manual and Model View Definition

Innovative solutions for rapid and intelligent survey and assessment methods are required in maintenance, repair, retrofit and rebuild of enormous numbers of bridges in service throughout the world. Motivated by this need, a next-generation integrated bridge inspection system, called SeeBridge, has been proposed. An Information Delivery Manual (IDM) was compiled to specify the technical components, activities and information exchanges in the SeeBridge process, and a Model View Definition (MVD) was prepared to specify the data exchange schema to serve the IDM. The MVD was bound to the IFC4 Add2 data schema standard. The IDM and MVD support research and development of the system by rigorously defining the information and data that structure bridge engineers' knowledge. The SeeBridge process is mapped, parts of the data repositories are presented, and the future use of the IDM is discussed. The development underlines the real potential for automated inspection of infrastructure at large, because it demonstrates that the hurdles in the way of automated acquisition of detailed and semantically rich models of existing infrastructure are computational in nature, not instrumental, and are surmountable with existing technologies

Error-corrected next-generation sequencing mutagenicity assays in human HepaRG cells as human-relevant genetic toxicology new approach methodology

IntroductionHuman metabolically competent HepaRG™ (HepaRG) cells have been developed as a human-relevant New Approach Methodology (NAM) in genetic toxicology, providing a non-animal alternative to rodent-based mutagenicity testing following a positive Ames test. Error-corrected next-generation sequencing (ecNGS) offers improved sensitivity, specificity, and mechanistic insight in genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment.MethodsWe applied duplex sequencing, an ecNGS approach, to quantify chemically induced point mutations in metabolically competent HepaRG cells. Cells were exposed to a diverse panel of genotoxic agents, including ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. Mutation frequency, substitution patterns, and mutational signatures were analyzed, and results were compared with complementary cytogenetic endpoints.ResultsDuplex sequencing detected dose-responsive increases in mutation frequency for ENU and EMS, with distinct substitution patterns consistent with alkylating mechanisms. BAP and cisplatin induced modest increases in mutation frequency and C&gt;A-enriched spectra, while cyclophosphamide yielded minimal mutagenicity under the tested conditions. Etoposide triggered strong cytogenetic responses without increasing point mutations, consistent with its clastogenic mode of action. COSMIC mutational signature analysis revealed modest enrichment of SBS4 (BAP), SBS11 (EMS), and SBS31/32 (cisplatin), supporting the mechanistic relevance of the model.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate the reproducibility and specificity of ecNGS for detecting low-frequency point mutations and characterizing mutational mechanisms. When combined with complementary cytogenetic assays, duplex sequencing enables a more complete and human-relevant evaluation of genotoxic potential. This study supports the integration of ecNGS into next-generation genotoxicity testing strategies as a NAM for regulatory decision-making

Auswirkungen der Hypertonie auf Echokardiographieparameter bei rheumatoider Arthritis

Hypertension (HTN) is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Both HTN and RA have a negative impact on echocardiographically determined parameters including wall thickness, chamber diameter, diastolic function, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). We aimed to demonstrate the effect of HTN on these parameters in RA patients. Patients were divided into two groups: one group comprised 39 RA patients with HTN (7 male, mean age 56.3 +/- 8.4 years) and the second comprised 38 age- and gender-matched RA patients without HTN (10 male, mean age 55.3 +/- 7.4 years). We retrospectively analyzed the RA patients without overt structural heart disease by determining the study parameters from echocardiograph recordings. The two groups were compared in terms of echocardiographic parameters and disease characteristics. RA characteristics, chamber sizes and wall thicknesses did not differ between the groups. CIMT was significantly increased in the RA with HTN group (median 0.9 mm, range 0.6-1.2 mm vs. median 0.8 mm, range 0.6-1.0 mm; p = 0.031). EAT was also significantly increased in the RA with HTN group (8.2 +/- 1.8 mm vs. 7.4 +/- 1.4 mm; p = 0.022). Septal early diastolic E' wave velocities were significantly decreased in the RA with HTN group (8.8 +/- 2.4 cm/s vs. 10.2 +/- 1.8 cm/s; p = 0.016). HTN has a further negative impact on diastolic functions, CIMT and EAT in RA patients

Relationship Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Long Term Mortality In Patients non-ST Elevated Acute Coronary Syndrome

[Anstract Not Available

Elevated Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients Non ST-Elevated Acute Coronary Syndrome

[Anstract Not Available