Lukisan Ivan Sagita “Makasih Kollwitz†(2005) dalam Sejarah Seni Lukis Modern Indonesia: Tinjauan Ikonografi dan Ikonologi

 Penelitian ini menganalisis karya seni lukis berjudul “Makasih Kollwitz†(2005), yang dilu- kis oleh Ivan Sagita. Dengan menggunakan sejarah seni sebagai dasar pendekatan, selanjutnya pilihan teori utama yang dipakai adalah teori ikonografi dan ikonologi Erwin Panofsky. Metode penelitian sejarah meliputi, pencarian data di lapangan dan sumber-sumber pustaka, seleksi dan kritik data, analisis dan interpretasi data untuk menghasilkan sintesis, selanjutnya penyu- sunan historiografi atau laporan penelitian sejarah. Hasil penelitian ini berisi, deskripsi pra iko- nografi yang menerangkan tahap awal aspek ide tekstual, yaitu menggambarkan sosok wanita tua renta mengambang di langit, terbaring dengan beralaskan rambutnya yang memanjang melampaui tubuhnya. Nenek itu sedang dalam proses kematian. Analisis ikonografi menjelas- kan tentang tema dan konsep. Hal itu mengungkapkan tema fenomena kematian, dengan ru- jukan konsep dasar tentang kefanaan hidup dan nilai survival eksistensi kehidupan manusia. Interpretasi ikonologi menjelaskan nilai simbolis pada karya. Melalui pengalaman kejiwaan dan latar belakang sosial dan kebudayaan seniman, terungkap bahwa lukisan ini merupakan kristalisasi simbol tentang kontradiksi dalam eksistensi kehidupan manusia. Â

Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Dangke and Indonesian Beef as Hypocholesterolaemic Agent

Lactobacillus fermentum strains were successfully isolated from dangke which was a fresh cheese-like product originating from Enrekang, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. In addition, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophillus were isolated from beef. This study aimed to investigate the ability of those 8 LAB strains from dangke and beef in lowering cholesterol level by using in vitro study. Strain of Lactic acid bacteria used were L. fermentum strains (A323L, B111K, B323K, C113L, C212L), L. plantarum strains (IIA-1A5 and IIA-2C12), and L. acidophillus IIA-2B4. Variables observed were identification of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), BSH activity and cholesterol assimilation. Phylogenetic tree indicated homology of L. plantarum IIA-IA5 was 98% to BSH gene of L. plantarum Lp529 with access code of FJ439771 and FJ439775 obtained from GenBank. The results demonstrated that eight strains of LAB isolated from dangke and beef that potentially showed cholesterol-lowering effects were L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5. L. fermentum B111K was able to assimilate cholesterol by 4.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.13 mg in 1010 cells. In addition, L. plantarum IIA-1A5 had BSH gene and BSH activity, as well as the ability to assimilate cholesterol by 8.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.06 mg in 1010 cells. It is concluded that L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5 were strains that showed cholesterol-lowering effects

Syndecan-4 knockout leads to reduced extracellular transglutaminase-2 and protects against tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is an extracellular matrix crosslinking enzyme with a pivotal role in kidney fibrosis. The interaction of TG2 with the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 (Sdc4) regulates the cell surface trafficking, localization, and activity of TG2 in vitro but remains unstudied in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that Sdc4 is required for cell surface targeting of TG2 and the development of kidney fibrosis in CKD. Wild-type and Sdc4-null mice were subjected to unilateral ureteric obstruction and aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) as experimental models of kidney fibrosis. Analysis of renal scarring by Masson trichrome staining, kidney hydroxyproline levels, and collagen immunofluorescence demonstrated progressive fibrosis associated with increases in extracellular TG2 and TG activity in the tubulointerstitium in both models. Knockout of Sdc-4 reduced these effects and prevented AAN-induced increases in total and active TGF-b1. In wild-type mice subjected to AAN, extracellular TG2 colocalized with Sdc4 in the tubular interstitium and basement membrane, where TG2 also colocalized with heparan sulfate chains. Heparitinase I, which selectively cleaves heparan sulfate, completely abolished extracellular TG2 in normal and diseased kidney sections. In conclusion, the lack of Sdc4 heparan sulfate chains in the kidneys of Sdc4-null mice abrogates injury-induced externalization of TG2, thereby preventing profibrotic crosslinking of extracellular matrix and recruitment of large latent TGF-b1. This finding suggests that targeting the TG2- Sdc4 interaction may provide a specific interventional strategy for the treatment of CKD

Prioritas Penentuan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran Sastra Remaja

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sikap dan pendapat guru SMP/MTs terhada penentuan prioritas nilai pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran sastra remaja, genre, dan stratepenyajian bahan ajar. Subjek penelitian adalah guru Bahasa Indonesia di DIY dengan sampel sebanya30 orang, hadir 24 orang, dari keempat kabupaten dan satu Kota Madya. Pengumpulan data dilakukalewat angket, wawancara, dan sumbang saran di FGD. Data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptkualitatif dan penghitungan persentase. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Penentuan prioritanilai-nilai karakter perlu untuk memudahkan pemantauan, pengawasan, dan penilaian. Nilai karaktyang dipilih guru adalah nilai religius, jujur, cinta tanah air, peduli lingkungan, tanggung jawab, serkreatif, gemar membaca, disiplin, dan mandiri. (2) Pemilihan genre tampak masih terpola padpembagian sastra kanonik-dewasa, namun ia harus mencakup keseluruhan genre sastra remaja. (3)Penyajian bahan ajar ditekankan pada yang mendasarkan diri pada prinsip pembelajaran kontekstuadan multintelenjjens dengan teknik penilaian otentik

The Public Space of “Jogja Fashion Week Carnival” and Cosplay Clothing in YOGYAKARTA

The concept of an ideal public space does not just focus on the interests of a particular group or community, but rather focus on the space of social activities that represent each audience or spectator in that society. Arts and cultural activities are part of it; although the concept of public space is still abstract to represent every social individual. However, the presence of public space has created a mediation space for all forms of communication. Mediation space is considered as a crucial feature, not only as a promotional sphere but also as a place to exchange and communicate all forms of ideology, art, and culture. Art activities such as Jogja Fashion Week Carnival and Cosplay clothing performance in public spaces provide opportunities for communities or individuals, to make this activity as a public performance and part of public art. Public art tends to be creative, free, and sometimes not accompanied by a theoretical perspective, as other arts are. Art activities in public spaces which are part of the social and cultural activities are essentially standing on the ideology that have been set up for a particular interest. The interest is disseminated using mass media and advertisment. Audience or public art connoisseur in public spaces should be more intelligent and critical to accept all kinds of art activities and performances. Therefore the performance will have a balanced communication.AbstrakKonsep ruang publik yang ideal tidak saja berbicara kepentingan golongan atau komunitas tertentu, tetapi lebih fokus pada wadah aktivitas sosial yang mewakili setiap pendatang atau penonton. Termasuk didalamnya adalah aktivitas seni dan budaya, walaupun konsep ruang publik masih dapat dikatakan abstrak untuk mewakili setiap individu sosial. Akan tetapi dengan adanya ruang publik telah menciptakan ruang mediasi bagi segala macam bentuk komunikasi. Ruang mediasi ini dipandang penting, tidak saja dijadikan ranah promosi, lebih mendalam adalah untuk bertukar dan tempat komunikasi segala macam bentuk ideologi, kesenian, dan kebudayaan. Aktivitas seni semacam Jogja Fashion Week Carnival dan pagelaran pakaian cosplay pada ruang publik memberikan kesempatan bagi komunitas atau individu, untuk menjadikan aktivitas ini sebagai tontonan dan bagian seni publik. Seni publik ini tentu saja lebih cenderung lebih kreatif, bebas, dan terkadang tidak diiringi dengan perspektif teoretis, seperti yang dilakukan seni lainnya. Aktivitas seni pada ruang publik, merupakan bagian dari aktivitas sosial dan budaya, hakikatnya berdiri pada ideologi yang telah diatur untuk satu kepentingan, yang disebarluaskan menggunakan media massa dan iklan. Penonton atau masyarakat penikmat seni pada ruang publik, harus lebih cerdas dan kritis untuk menerima segala macam bentuk sajian aktivitas seni, sehingga sajian tersebut memiliki komunikasi yang seimbang

Analisis Getaran Non Linier dan Fenomena Chaos pada Solusi Persamaan Diferensial Duffing

Persamaan Duffing merupakan model persamaan getaran dengan kekakuan non linier derajattiga (3). Dalam kajian ini dengan meninjau kasus getaran non linier serta kasus khusus getaranlinier. Penyelesaian persamaan diferensial Duffing menggunakan metode numerik Runge – Kuttadengan aplikasi software MAPLE ver. 14. Amplitudo yang ditinjau untuk kasus pegas yangdikeraskan (hard spring) dan pegas yang dilunakkan (soft spring) dimana semakin kecil eksitasigaya dan semakin besar nilai redaman maka lebar daerah lompatan/tidak stabil semakinberkurang. Pada kasus getaran non linier dengan fenomena chaos maka dengan tinjauansejarah waktu (time history) sangat sensitif terhadap syarat awal dengan Perubahan yang kecilterhadap syarat awalnya maka akan terjadi Perubahan besar dalam sistem dalam hal iniperpindahan x(t) dengan pertambahan waktu (t). Untuk Bidang Fase (phase plane) menunjukanmenunjukan lintasan yang tidak beraturan dan non stasioner, hal ini terlihat juga dengan padapemetaan Poincare (Poincare map) yang menunjukan pola tarikan yang acak (strangeattractor) dan memperlihatkan pola frakta

Prophylactic use of carvedilol to prevent ventricular dysfunction in patients with cancer treated with doxorubicin

Objective: Deterioration in ventricular function is often observed in patients treated with anthracyclines for cancer. There is a paucity of evidence on interventions that might provide cardio-protection. We investigated whether prophylactic use of carvedilol can prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and whether any observed effect is dose related. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study in patients treated with doxorubicin, comparing placebo (n = 38) with different doses of carvedilol [6.25 mg/day (n = 41), 12.5 mg/day (n = 38) or 25 mg/day (n = 37)]. The primary endpoint was the measured change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to 6 months. Results: LVEF decreased from 62 ± 5% at baseline to 58 ± 7% at 6-months (p = 0.002) in patients assigned to placebo but no statistically significant changes were observed in any of the 3 carvedilol groups. At 6 months, only one of 116 patients (1%) assigned to carvedilol had an LVEF < 50% compared to four of the 38 assigned to placebo (11%), (p = 0.013). No significant differences were noted between carvedilol and placebo in terms of the development of diastolic dysfunction, clinically overt heart failure or death. Conclusions: Carvedilol might prevent deterioration in LVEF in cancer patients treated with doxorubicin. This effect may not be dose related within the studied range