An Analysis and New Methodology for Reverse Engineering of UML Behavioral

The emergence of Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard for modeling systems has encouraged the use of automated software tools that facilitate the development process from analysis through coding. Reverse Engineering has become a viable method to measure an existing system and reconstruct the necessary model from its original. The Reverse Engineering of behavioral models consists in extracting high-level models that help understand the behavior of existing software systems. In this paper we present an ongoing work on extracting UML diagrams from object-oriented programming languages. we propose an approach for the reverse engineering of UML behavior from the analysis of execution traces produced dynamically by an object-oriented application using formal and semi-formal techniques for modeling the dynamic behavior of a system. Our methods show that this approach can produce UML behavioral diagrams in reasonable time and suggest that these diagrams are helpful in understanding the behavior of the underlying application

Trace elements and heavy metals in organs of camels (Camelus dromedaries) slaughtered in Casablanca city, Morocco

The present work was carried out to determine the concentrations of trace elements (copper and zinc) and heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the different organs of camel slaughtered in municipal slaughterhouse of Casablanca, which is the main source of consumption of camel meat in the study area. The samples of meat, liver, lung, heart and kidney of 30 camels were collected. All the samples were digested, mineralized and analyzed for minerals using an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals ranged from 1.10 to 14.22 ppm for copper, 4.05 to 10.88 ppm for zinc, 0.023 to 0.69 ppm for cadmium and 0.71 to 1.33 ppm for lead. Few data are available in literature on copper and zinc concentrations in different organs of camel. The highest concentration of copper was observed in liver. For zinc the highest concentrations being recorded in meat and liver. Regarding cadmium and lead concentrations in different organs of camel, it is difficult to link our results to polluting context, because no data on these elements in camel organs available. However, the concentrations of cadmium in kidney and liver were higher than that observed in other organs. For lead, the highest concentration was observed in liver. (Résumé d'auteur

Brane inflation and the fine-tuning problem

Brane inflation can provide a promissing framework for solving the fine-tuning problem in standard inflationary models. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the mechanism by which this can be achieved. By considering the supersymmetric two-stage inflation model it is shown that the initial fine-tuning of the coupling parameter can be considerably relaxed. SubPlanckian values of the inflaton during inflation can also be obtained.Comment: 04 pages (Revtex

N-methyl pyrrolidone as a potent bone morphogenetic protein enhancer for bone tissue regeneration

In medicine N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) has a long track record as constituent in FDA approved medical devices and thus can be considered as safe and biological inactive small chemical. In the present study we report on the newly discovered pharmaceutical properties of NMP as it enhances bone regeneration in a rabbit calvarial defect model in vivo. At the cellular level, the pharmaceutical effect of NMP was confirmed, in particular, in combination with BMP-2, as NMP increased early and late markers for maturation of preosteoblasts and human bone marrow derived stem cells in vitro. When we used the multipotent cell line C2C12 lacking autologous BMP expression, NMP alone had no effect on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for osteogenic transdifferentiation. Nevertheless, in combination with low BMP-2-doses alkaline phosphatase activity was increased more than 8 fold. Thus, the pharmaceutical NMP mode of action is that of an enhancer of BMP activity. The dependency of the effects of NMP on BMP was confirmed in preosteoblasts as noggin, an extracellular BMP-inhibitor, suppressed NMP-induced increase in early markers for osteoblast maturation in vitro. At the molecular level, NMP was shown to have no effect on the binding of BMP-2 to the ectodomain of the high affinity BMP receptor IA. However, NMP further increased the phosphorylation of p38 and Smad1,5,8 induced by BMP-2. Thus, the small chemical NMP enhances BMP activity by increasing the kinase activity of the BMP receptor complex for Smad1,5,8 and p38 and could be employed as a potent drug for bone tissue regeneration and engineering

Cause inhabituelle d’une infection respiratoire récidivante: hypoplasie du poumon gauche

L'hypoplasie pulmonaire unilatérale est une malformation congénitale rare qui peut être découverte à l'âge adulte de façon fortuite ou par une infection respiratoire récidivante. Son diagnostic est établi par la tomodensitométrie thoracique avec injection du produit de contraste, et son traitement est essentiellement conservateur. Nous rapportons un cas d'hypoplasie pulmonaire gauche révélée chez un jeune de 20 ans par une infection respiratoire récidivanteKey words: Agénésie pulmonaire, hypoplasie pulmonaire, infection respiratoir

Development of an apatitic calcium phosphate cements: effect of liquid/powder ratio on the setting time

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ to form resorbable hydroxyapatite with chemical and crystallographic similarity to the apatite in human bones, hence it is highly promising for clinical applications. Among the clinical requirements for calcium phosphate bone cements are initial setting time and final setting time. α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were mixed with dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) to form the cement powder which is mixed with aqueous solutions of 3% Na2HPO4.2H2O in weight at four different liquid-to‐powder ratios (0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50 mL/g). The cement powder, on wetting with the medium, formed a workable putty. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed to evaluate the phase composition and surface morphology of the cements. The results revealed similar phase composition for all samples before and after soaking in distilled water at 37°C. According to the results, it is shown that almost complete transformation of cements in calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) occur after soaking 7 days in destilled water with nanosized rod-like hydroxyapatite crystals. Also by reducing the L/P ratio from 0.50 to 0.35, initial and final setting times of the CPCs decreased 11 and 10 minutes respectively

Etude des mauvaises herbes des céréales dans la plaine de la Moulouya (Maroc)

Based on 100 relevés in cereals in the Moulouya perimeter, 268 weedy species were recorded,. The cereal weeds flora belong to 45 botanical families. The Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae are most dominant families with 50,70% of species. Dicotyledonous (82,52%), annuals (71,68%) and the Mediterranean floristic element (68,53%) are dominant and characterize this flora. The harmfulness aspect of weeds was assessed based on their abundance. Avena sterilis. L., Sinapis arvensis. L., Papaver rhoeas L., Sisymbrium irio L., Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Cynodon dactylon, Malva parviflora L., Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. and Chrysanthemum coronarium L. are the noxious weeds species.Les 100 relevés d’adventices effectués dans les champs de céréales du périmètre de la Moulouya ont permis d’inventorier 286 espèces. La flore adventice associée aux céréales appartient à 45 familles botaniques. Les Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae et les Apiaceae sont les familles les plus dominantes avec 50,70% de l’effectif spécifique. Les dicotylédones (82,52%), les thérophytes (71,68%) et l’élément floristique méditerranéen (68,53%) sont dominants et caractérisent cette flore. La nuisibilité a été étudiée sur la base de l’abondance dominance et a permis de dégager les espèces problématiques dont les plus représentées sont, Avena sterilis L., Sinapis arvensis L., Papaver rhoeas L., Sisymbrium irio L., Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Cynodon dactylon, Malva parviflora L., Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. et Chrysanthemum coronarium L