A Study of the Relationship of Stress, Burnout, Hardiness, and Social Support in Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten Teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and differences of hardiness stress, burnout, social support, and demographics such as age, years of service, and education with 196 pre-kindergarten and kindergarten teachers’ from public, private, for-profit, and non-profit schools and to determine if hardy teachers are less vulnerable to burnout. A survey design method was chosen to produce statistics that indicated a numerical description of the relationship between these variables and the pre-kindergarten and kindergarten teacher. Four surveys were used: Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach, Jackson, and Schwab, 1986) Teacher Concerns Inventory (Firmian, 1985), Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) (Bartone, 2007), and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ6) (Sarason, et. al., 1987). A Pearson’s’ product-moment correlation was used to determine the relationship between hardiness, stress, burnout, social support, and the demographic characteristics of age, education, and experience. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the differences in the relationship between each of the dependent variables; hardiness, stress, burnout, and social support with the independent variables of age, education, and experience

Effect of increased ART-CPT uptake on tuberculosis outcomes and associated factors, Burundi, 2009-2013.

We retrospectively examined 3579 records of human immunodeficiency virus infected tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed from January 2009 to June 2013 in 55 TB treatment facilities in Burundi, to demonstrate whether improvement of combined cotrimoxazole preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake was accompanied by improvement of treatment outcomes, and to describe associated factors. Treatment success rates increased from 71% to 80% (P < 0.001). While loss to follow-up and transfer-out rates declined significantly, death rates decreased modestly, and remained high, at 14%. ART uptake was worse in suburban areas and private for-profit institutions. World Health Organization targets could be achieved if peripheral health facilities were prioritised

Agent-Based Simulation as an Implementation of Methodological Individualism

This paper investigates the relationship between methodological individualism (MI) and Agent-Based Simulation (ABS). We discuss and analyze a thesis defended by philosophers Caterina Marchionni and Petri Ylikoski (2013). The thesis maintains that, since MI is often considered to be a reductionist approach, it is confusing and meaningless to assume that ABS, which is a non-reductionist and emergentist explanatory model, is committed to MI. We reject this thesis arguing that, from a philosophical standpoint, addressing the problem of the consistency between MI and ABS from a strictly utilitarian perspective is unsatisfactory. We analyze this problem in more substantial terms, i.e. focusing on its more theoretical and conceptual aspects. Moreover, we maintain that ABS explanations must be regarded as individualist explanations and provide a set of logical and historical arguments against the widespread interpretation of MI in terms of reductionism