A New Trend in Mitigating the Peak Power Problem in OFDM System

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Efficacy of Bacillus probiotic mixture on the immunological responses and histopathological changes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L) challenged with Streptococcus iniae

Isolates of Streptococcus iniae were recovered from the diseased fish during summer season, identified and characterized using different laboratory techniques. Three hundred and sixty Nile tilapia (100 ± 5.0 g average weight) were divided into two subgroups in triplicates with 20 fish per replicate and received either sterile PBS (B0, B1 and B2, respectively) or S. iniae (B0+ S. iniae, B1+ S. iniae and B2 S. iniae, respectively). At 15 days post‐challenge, results showed low mortality rates in probiotic‐fed groups. The mortalities ranged from 6.67% in B2 to 81.67% in B0 following S. iniae challenge. The haematological parameters showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in haemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells in B1, B1+S. iniae, B2 and B2+ S. iniae groups compared to B0+ S. iniae group. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was elevated (p < 0.05) in tilapia challenged with S. iniae compared to the control groups. Glucose and creatinine levels were elevated (p < 0.05) in all groups compared with B0. Both albumin and globulin levels were significantly low (p < 0.05) in B0+ S. iniae compared to other groups. The total protein level, phagocytosis and phagocytic index were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in B0+ S. iniae than other groups. Histological analysis showed that the hepatopancreas of B0, B1 and B2 groups represents normal hepatocyte architecture, while the infected tilapia showed severe diffused necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and loss of the normal architecture. Spleen of PBS control groups did not show any pathological changes, while that of infected tilapia revealed several necrotic areas in addition to marked depletion of lymphoid cells. A loss of skin layers was observed in infected tilapia with marked interstitial oedema and leucocytic cell infiltration which was not observed in the probiotic‐fed fish. The current study highlights the immunomodulatory effect of Bacillus probiotic mixture against S. iniae infection in tilapia that can be further applied to control the disease in farms

Ecological Distribution of Virulent Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Livestock, Environment, and Dairy Products

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of mastitis, leading to severe economic losses in the dairy industry. It is also zoonotic, with potential risks to public health. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of S. aureus-resistant strains isolated from cattle, buffalo, their environment, milk and dairy products; and to investigate the extent of animal, ecological, and food contamination by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) or enterotoxigenic S. aureus. Samples (n = 350) were collected from four animal (two cattle and two buffalo) farms, i.e., their environment. Thirty Karish cheese samples were collected from 10 markets in Mansoura, Egypt. S. aureus was detected in 17.9%, 17.6%, and 16.7% of samples collected from cattle, buffalo and Karish cheese, respectively. About 19% of isolated S. aureus strains carried the mecA gene. The distribution of the mecA gene was high in isolates from Karish cheese (60%), followed by samples collected from buffalo (16.2%) and cattle (16%). More than 34% of isolated S. aureus strains were enterotoxigenic, and the presence of enterotoxin genes was higher in isolates from Karish cheese (80%) than those from cattle (48%) and buffalo (18.9%). The most predominant enterotoxin gene among isolated S. aureus strains was the sea gene (26.9%), followed by sec (4.5%) and sed (3%) genes. Isolated strains were resistant to clindamycin (100%), kanamycin (97%), nalidixic acid (86.6%), cefotaxime (73.1%) sulphamethazole—trimethoprim (65.6%). Meanwhile, 95.5%, 94%, 86.6% and 77.7% of S. aureus strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem and both cefoxitin and gentamycin, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of enterotoxigenic- and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains in animals, their environment, and dairy products represents a public health concern, particularly in small-scale dairy farms in Egypt. To reduce the risk of infection of livestock and humans with resistant strains, strict regulations and guidelines for antimicrobial use in such a system are urgently required

Seafood in Food Security: A Call for Bridging the Terrestrial-Aquatic Divide

The contribution of seafood to global food security is being increasingly highlighted in policy. However, the extent to which such claims are supported in the current food security literature is unclear. This review assesses the extent to which seafood is represented in the recent food security literature, both individually and from a food systems perspective, in combination with terrestrially-based production systems. The results demonstrate that seafood remains under-researched compared to the role of terrestrial animal and plant production in food security. Furthermore, seafood and terrestrial production remain siloed, with very few papers addressing the combined contribution or relations between terrestrial and aquatic systems. We conclude that far more attention is needed to the specific and relative role of seafood in global food security and call for the integration of seafood in a wider interdisciplinary approach to global food system research.Additional co-authors: Neil L. Andrew, Gulshan Ara, Gill Banner-Stevens, Ben Belton, Malcolm Beveridge, Jessica R. Bogard, Simon R. Bush, Peter Edwards, Joao G. Ferreira, Angus Garrett, Iain Gatward, Faruk U. Islam, Marian Kjellevold, Froukje Kruijssen, Abullah-Al Mamun, Birgitte Krogh-Poulsen, Belinda Richardson, Nanna Roos, Elin Röös, Tori Spence-McConnell, Sharon K. Suri, Shauntala H. Thilsted, Kim D. Thompson, Michael F. Tlusty, Max F. Troell, Raffaele Vignola, Wenbo Zhan

Seafood in Food Security: A Call for Bridging the Terrestrial-Aquatic Divide

The contribution of seafood to global food security is being increasingly highlighted in policy. However, the extent to which such claims are supported in the current food security literature is unclear. This review assesses the extent to which seafood is represented in the recent food security literature, both individually and from a food systems perspective, in combination with terrestrially-based production systems. The results demonstrate that seafood remains under-researched compared to the role of terrestrial animal and plant production in food security. Furthermore, seafood and terrestrial production remain siloed, with very few papers addressing the combined contribution or relations between terrestrial and aquatic systems. We conclude that far more attention is needed to the specific and relative role of seafood in global food security and call for the integration of seafood in a wider interdisciplinary approach to global food system research

Seafood in Food Security: a call for bridging the terrestrial-aquatic divide

The contribution of seafood to global food security is being increasingly highlighted in policy. However, the extent to which such claims are supported in the current food security literature is unclear. This review assesses the extent to which seafood is represented in the recent food security literature, both individually and from a food systems perspective, in combination with terrestrially-based production systems. The results demonstrate that seafood remains under-researched compared to the role of terrestrial animal and plant production in food security. Furthermore, seafood and terrestrial production remain siloed, with very few papers addressing the combined contribution or relations between terrestrial and aquatic systems. We conclude that far more attention is needed to the specific and relative role of seafood in global food security and call for the integration of seafood in a wider interdisciplinary approach to global food system research

Improved Spectrum Coexistence in 2.4 GHz ISM Band Using Optimized Chaotic Frequency Hopping for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Signals

Efficiently managing coexistence is crucial for achieving high-quality wireless communication in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band where multiple wireless communication systems operate. Coexistence problems between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals are especially significant due to their shared frequency band, which often leads to interference and a reduced performance for both systems. Therefore, effective coexistence management strategies are essential for ensuring the optimal performance of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals in the ISM band. In this paper, the authors conducted a study to investigate coexistence management in the ISM band by evaluating four frequency hopping techniques: random, chaotic, adaptive, and an optimized chaotic technique proposed by the authors. The optimized chaotic technique aimed to minimize interference and ensure zero self-interference among hopping BLE nodes by optimizing the update coefficient. Simulations were conducted in an environment with existing Wi-Fi signal interference and interfering Bluetooth nodes. The authors compared several performance metrics, including the total interference rate, total successful connection rate, and trial execution time for channel selection processing time. The results indicated that the proposed optimized chaotic frequency hopping technique achieved a better balance between reducing interference with Wi-Fi signals, achieving a high success rate for connecting BLE nodes, and requiring minimal trial execution time. This makes it a suitable technique for managing interference in wireless communication systems. While the proposed technique had a higher interference than the adaptive technique for small numbers of BLE nodes, for larger numbers of nodes it had a much lower interference than the adaptive technique. The proposed optimized chaotic frequency hopping technique provides a promising solution for effectively managing coexistence in the ISM band, particularly between Wi-Fi and BLE signals. It has the potential to improve the performance and quality of wireless communication systems