New product technology, accumulation, and growth

This paper asks whether new technological capacity for producing and exporting additional products provides incentives for greater capital accumulation, without being fully reflected in a higher rate of total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using a highly disaggregated data set of each country's trade flows into the United States, the author constructs a direct and independent measure of technological improvements for each country over time based on the number of new product varieties exported to the United States. The author shows, in a panel data setting, that acquiring the technological capacity for producing new products stimulates more rapid capital accumulation in developing countries, even after holding fixed the rate of TFP growth. His findings provide evidence against the alternative view that technological improvements are essentially unimportant: a view based on the findings of Young (1995) and others that instances of spectacular economic growth have been associated with unspectacular rates of TFP growth. The author provides a model to show how an expansion in the technological capacity for producing additional products can lead to more rapid factor accumulation, without necessarily improving measured TFP. His findings suggest that while rapid accumulation of physical and human capital may have characterized the East Asian growth experience, these gains were stimulated by stellar improvements in technological capacity.Economic Theory&Research,Economic Growth,Markets and Market Access,Investment and Investment Climate,Inequality

Channels of risk-sharing among Canadian provinces: 1961–2006

This paper incorporates recent developments in the literature to quantify the amount of interprovincial risk-sharing in Canada. We find that both capital market and the federal tax-transfer system play an almost equally important role (about 26 percent each) in smoothing shocks to gross provincial product, while only 18 percent of shocks are smoothed by credit markets. The remaining 30 percent are not smoothed. Our results bring to light the critical role that Alberta plays in trading-off credit market smoothing for more capital market risk-sharing to the rest of Canada. Our pairwise risk-sharing analysis has brought up some interesting questions and arguments that are often neglected in discussions of regional risk-sharing. For example, one aspect of the pairwise analysis sheds light on the assessment of the economic effects of Quebec separation.Risk-sharing; pairwise risk-sharing; federal taxes and transfer; panel data; cross-section dependence.

Manusia Jawa Dalam Islamisasi Jawa Refleksi Filsafat Antropologi Metafisik Terhadap Temuan Ricklefs

Tulisan ini berlatarbelakangi oleh temuan-temuan Ricklefs tentang sejarah Islamisasi Jawa yang karenanya merupakan objek materialnya, yaitu manusia Jawa sejauh ditemukan oleh penelitian Ricklefs. Temuan tersebut akan dijadikan objek formal bagi penelitian kefilsafatan ini, yaitu: bagaimanakah gambaran manusia Jawa dalam sejarah Islamisasi manusia Jawa dan bagaimanakah refleksi filsafat manusia (antropologi metafisik) terhadap temuan tersebut? Dengan pendekatan filsafat antropologi metafisik, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa [1] deskripsi tentang manusia Jawa dalam sejarah Islamisasinya menurut Ricklefs digambarkan dalam tiga kecenderungan atau kategori: pertama, [a] sinkretik-mistis [b] polarisasi masyarakat [c] intensifikasi keagamaan. Sementara [2] Refleksi antropologis metafisik atas temuan tersebut menemukan arti yang lebih dasariah, yaitu terjadinya peristiwa-peristiwa itu sendiri. “Aku bersama yang-lain” merupakan “sejarah konkret” dan real yang sedang berjalan dan dihayati. Manusia Jawa menyejarah; artinya manusia Jawa itu – sebagaimana manusia lainnya dari manapun – bersifat historis. Tidak ada sejarah di luar atau di samping manusia Jawa. Sejarah itu tak lain ialah manusia-yang-berkembang sendiri; sejarah dilaksanakan manusia. Motor ketiga perkembangan kecenderungan dan relasi oponensial yang digambarkan Ricklefs tersebut adalah “otonomi-di-dalam-korelasi”. Namun sebenarnya bukan dasar untuk perkembangan. Perkembangan dan historisitas hanya dapat diterima sebagai fakta belaka. Kemungkinannya hanya dapat diketahui dari adanya; dan tidak memiliki dasar yang lebih mendalam lagi di dalam manusia

Transformasi Relasi Gender

Transformation of gender relation provides a construction of a gender sensitiveparadigm. Traditionally in the social and symbolic position women belonged to the privaterecesses of society in family relationships controlled and defned men, in silence. Incontrast to the traditional “man focused perspective feminist analyses evaluates not onlyoutcome but the fundamental concept values and assumption embedded in traditionaltheories which are controlled by men and reflect their concerns “gender sensitive feminismseeks to correct the imbalance and unfairness in gender relation system resulting fromthe implementation of perspective excluding attention to the circumstances of women'sgendered lives. Women struggle to transform their position to be equal to men's positionthere has been many things: there has been a strategy for improving the distribution ofsocial goods between women and men, there has been a goal in its own right, there hasbeen a method of defending women against the worst oppression of women, there hasbeen a way to construct the public (in patriarchal terms) for women, and it terms thatwomen can tolerate

A Study on the Ability of the First Year Students of Sman 7 Siak in Combining Sentences Using Relative Pronouns

The research is a descriptive research that was conducted based on the problem occurred at the first years students of SMA 7 Siak; namely the students were lack in making sentences using relative pronouns that influence them got poor sore in test. Therefore, this research was aimed to find out on the ability of the first years students of SMA 7 Siak in combining sentences using relative pronouns. The participants were 35 students from first years of SMA 7 Siak. This research was conducted for about four months(February – May, 2015) and wad taken on April 6th and April 8th , 2015 at SMAN 7 Siak, Tut WuriHandayani street No.1, Kandis. The data collection technique was obtained through (1) try out which was applied to know the quality of the test items, particularly to determine the item difficulty and item discrimination and (2) test was done to measure students' achievement. The research finding can briefly explain as follow: First the result of the test shows that the easiest relative pronouns is ‘where' (average to good level), while the most difficult relative pronouns is ‘whom' (poor level). It can be seen in the mean score for relative pronoun ‘where' is 66,25 (average to good level) and the mean score for relative pronoun ‘whom' is 34,38 (poor level)

Aplikasi Model Proportional Hazard Cox pada Waktu Tunggu Kerja Lulusan Jurusan Matematika Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menentukan nilai peluang dari waktu mendapatkan pekerjaan per-tama lulusan, (2) mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh beberapa karateristik terhadap waktu mendapatkan pe-kerjaan pertama lulusan dengan menerapkan model proportional hazard Cox. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 35 orang lulusan Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sriwijaya yang lulus pada tahun 2012. Karakteristik-karakteristik yang diamati adalah usia, masa studi, IPK, skor TOEFL, pendidikan orang tua, pengalaman organisasi, dan pengalaman kerja. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihakan bahwa peluang tertinggi bagi para lulusan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan pertama adalah mulai awal bulan ketiga sampai akhir bulan keempat setelah wisuda, yaitu sebesar 0,31579. Karakteristik yang berpengaruh sig-nifikan terhadap waktu mendapatkan pekerjaan pertama adalah pengalaman organisasi. Model terbaik yang terbentuk adalah ℎ , = ℎ0 exp(−0,979 6) dengan nilai rasio hazard sebesar 0,376. Hal ini berarti bahwa lulusan yang memiliki pengalaman organisasi memiliki peluang 0,376 kali lebih besar untuk mendapatkan pe-kerjaan pertama setelah wisuda