Desarrollo de la habilidad autoeducación en las Instituciones de Educación Superior

El perfeccionamiento de la labor educativa para el desarrollo de habilidades y valores exige de educadores que apliquen, de forma creadora y de forma sólida, los conocimientos necesarios, para mantener y desarrollar los logros y las conquistas de nuestra Revolución Socialista. La propuesta expone las particularidades del proceso de desarrollo de la habilidad autoeducación a partir de la actuación pedagógica de los educadores en las Instituciones Docentes de Nivel Superior (IDNS), a la cual pertenecen, mediante la realización de un sistema de acciones, que se desarrollarán a partir de la preparación teórica – metodológica que reciben a través de las diferentes vías. Además, tributa al perfeccionamiento del proceso de dirección en la esfera de trabajo de la superación de los educadores, dada su incidencia directa en la formación integral de los estudiantes en las IDNS y Centros de la Educación Superior (CES), del país.  Abstract The improvement of the educational, work to develop abilities and values, demands from educators the application, in a creative way, of the necessary knowdlegde to keep and develop the achievements and conquists of our socialist Revolution. The proposol explains the particularities of the process to develop the self education ability from the pedagogical performance of the educators in the high teaching level institutions by means of a system of actions that will be carried out in methodological and theoretical preparation by different ways Besides, this work contributes to the development of the management process in the learning improvement sphere as it influences directly in the integral formation of the students in the high teaching level substitutions of our country.  Keywords: Educational (pedagogical) performance, Overcoming, Scholastic, Self education

Labor educativa en las universidades para el desarrollo de valores sostenibles en nuestra sociedad

El perfeccionamiento de la labor educativa para el desarrollo de valores exige de educadores que se aplique, de forma creadora, los conocimientos, habilidades y valores propios para mantener y desarrollar los logros y las conquistas de nuestra Revolución Socialista. La propuesta de un conjunto de dimensiones e indicadores expone la concepción de la labor educativa a desarrollar en los procesos sustantivos de las universidades cubanas, lo que debe propiciar la formación de los valores priorizados en la sociedad para los estudiantes de estas instituciones; para contribuir al desarrollo integral de la personalidad de los educandos y su inserción en la sociedad. Es por ello que en el trabajo se describe las características de una concepción de la labor educativa para cumplir con el encargo social y las exigencias contemporáneas en la formación, e incorporación, de profesionales integrales a nuestra sociedad, por parte de las Instituciones Docentes Superiores, al proponer a la educación política, moral y jurídica, profesional y económica como las actividades esenciales o esferas principales de trabajo en la dirección de los  procesos de aprendizaje que se desarrollen en cada una de las instituciones en cuestión. Palabras clave: labor educativa, valores, formación de valores. Teaching work at the universities to develop sustainable values in our society ABSTRACT The   improvement of the teaching work for the development of values demands   professors that apply in a creative way the knowlegment, abilities and proper values to keep and develop the achievements and conquests of our Socialist Revolution. The proposal shows the conception of teaching work to be developed in the process of the Cuban Universities, developing the fundamental values in the society for the students of these universities, to contribute to their integral development of personality and their awareness in society. That’s why this project describes the characteristics of a teaching work conception for the development of the social responsibility and the contemporary demands in the formation of general professionals to our society, by other hand from the universities, proposing the political, moral and juridical, professional and economical education, as the key activities or main spheres of work in the direction of teaching and learning process. Key words: teaching work, values, development of values. Recibido: abril 2017                  Aprobado: diciembre 201

Antinociception produced by Thalassia testudinum extract BM-21 is mediated by the inhibition of acid sensing ionic channels by the phenolic compound thalassiolin B

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) have a significant role in the sensation of pain and constitute an important target for the search of new antinociceptive drugs. In this work we studied the antinociceptive properties of the BM-21 extract, obtained from the sea grass <it>Thalassia testudinum</it>, in chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. The action of the BM-21 extract and the major phenolic component isolated from this extract, a sulphated flavone glycoside named thalassiolin B, was studied in the chemical nociception test and in the ASIC currents of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons obtained from Wistar rats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Behavioral antinociceptive experiments were made on male OF-1 mice. Single oral administration of BM-21 produced a significant inhibition of chemical nociception caused by acetic acid and formalin (specifically during its second phase), and increased the reaction time in the hot plate test. Thalassiolin B reduced the licking behavior during both the phasic and tonic phases in the formalin test. It was also found that BM-21 and thalassiolin B selectively inhibited the fast desensitizing (τ < 400 ms) ASIC currents in DRG neurons obtained from Wistar rats, with a nonsignificant action on ASIC currents with a slow desensitizing time-course. The action of thalassiolin B shows no pH or voltage dependence nor is it modified by steady-state ASIC desensitization or voltage. The high concentration of thalassiolin B in the extract may account for the antinociceptive action of BM-21.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is the first report of an ASIC-current inhibitor derived of a marine-plant extract, and in a phenolic compound. The antinociceptive effects of BM-21 and thalassiolin B may be partially because of this action on the ASICs. That the active components of the extract are able to cross the blood-brain barrier gives them an additional advantage for future uses as tools to study pain mechanisms with a potential therapeutic application.</p

PhcrTx2, a new crab-paralyzing peptide toxin from the sea anemone <i>Phymanthus crucifer</i>

Sea anemones produce proteinaceous toxins for predation and defense, including peptide toxins that act on a large variety of ion channels of pharmacological and biomedical interest. Phymanthus crucifer is commonly found in the Caribbean Sea; however, the chemical structure and biological activity of its toxins remain unknown, with the exception of PhcrTx1, an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) inhibitor. Therefore, in the present work, we focused on the isolation and characterization of new P. crucifer toxins by chromatographic fractionation, followed by a toxicity screening on crabs, an evaluation of ion channels, and sequence analysis. Five groups of toxic chromatographic fractions were found, and a new paralyzing toxin was purified and named PhcrTx2. The toxin inhibited glutamate-gated currents in snail neurons (maximum inhibition of 35%, IC50 4.7 µM), and displayed little or no influence on voltage-sensitive sodium/potassium channels in snail and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, nor on a variety of cloned voltage-gated ion channels. The toxin sequence was fully elucidated by Edman degradation. PhcrTx2 is a new β-defensin-fold peptide that shares a sequence similarity to type 3 potassium channels toxins. However, its low activity on the evaluated ion channels suggests that its molecular target remains unknown. PhcrTx2 is the first known paralyzing toxin in the family Phymanthidae

Compounds from marine sources as tools for the study the nervous system.

Las toxinas marinas han proporcionado una variedad de compuestos capaces de ejercer acciones específicas y potentes a nivel de canales iónicos activados por voltaje o por neurotransmisores. Puesto que los canales iónicos participan en los mecanismos básicos de funcionamiento del sistema nervioso y que alteraciones funcionales y estructurales asociadas a éstos pueden correlacionarse con diferentes patologías neurológicas, neuromusculares y cardiovasculares, las toxinas pueden jugar un papel muy importante tanto como reactivos biológicos para la investigación biomédica, como para el diseño de nuevos fármacos a emplear en la terapéutica médica.Marine toxins represent a significant source of compounds capable to act potently and specifically at the level of voltage gated and neurotransmitter gated ionic channels. Ionic channels participate in basic mechanisms that underlie the function of the nervous system, and functional as well as structural changes associated with these proteins could be related with different neurological, neuromuscular and cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, toxins could play an important role as biological reagents for biomedical research y as a source for the design of new drugs to be used in medical therapy.Publishedmarine toxins, ionic channels, channelopathie

Caribbean marine biodiversity as a source of new compounds of biomedical interest and others industrial applications

The Cuban marine flora and fauna is characterized by its richness in species that represents an extraordinary natural source of unexplored biomolecular diversity. Many of those biomolecules could represent important tools for industrial applications. For this reason, in our Centre the main aim was focused on the isolation, purification and characterization of bioactive compounds present in marine invertebrates with particular emphasis on sponges, cnidarians, seaweeds and marine plants. Micro organisms represent also an important source of biologically active compounds that were included in our studies. In our Institution, research is performed by a multidisciplinary team. The purpose of this article is to review the most important results of the Centre of Marine Bioproducts in the last few years.Publishedsustainable use, marine bioproducts

Pharmacological characterization of bunodosoma toxins on mammalian voltage dependent sodium channels.

Voltage dependent sodium channels represent an important target for different neurotoxins and there have been identified different binding sites according to these interactions. The so called site 3 toxins comprise a diverse group of peptides obtained from sea anemones and α-scorpions that bind to voltage gated sodium channels slowing down the inactivation process. These polypeptides vary considerably in their affinities for the sodium channels in different excitable cells. In this work we studied the pharmacological action of three toxins: BcIII (isolated from Bunodosoma caissarum), BgII and BgIII (isolated from Bunodosoma granulifera) on isolated cultured neurons of rat dorsal root ganglia. The biophysical effects and the potency of these polypeptides were compared and their effects were studied using whole cell patch clamp techniques. These compounds considerably prolonged the action potential and selectively slowed down the inactivation process of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium current. The potency of these compounds according to the IC50 values was of: BcIII 2.7 ± 2 μM, BgII 4.1 ± 1.2 μM and BgIII 11.9 ± 1.4 μM. These differences could be determined for the slight variations in the amino acid composition of these peptides and the contribution of specific amino acids in the binding to the sodium channel.Sea anemones represent a rich source of a variety of biologically active peptides. In particular, from few species of Bunodosoma genus have been obtained different compounds that show: cytolytic activity1,2, effect on Na+ and K+ voltage activated ionic channels3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and others effects10,11,12.Publishedsea anemone toxins, sodium channel toxins, inactivation process, Bunodosoma toxin

Efectos farmacológicos de extractos de algas marinas.

Las algas constituyen una fuente importante de compuestos de interés biomédico. En este estudio se presentan los resultados del pesquisaje realizado a extractos de 7 especies de algas en modelos de conducta exploratoria y convulsiones inducidas por choque eléctrico en ratones machos Balb-c y OF1 respectivamente, de 18-22 g de peso corporal; a dosis entre 40 - 1000 mg/Kg, v.o. (n= 10). Los resultados mostraron que la mayor dosis de los extractos de Dyctiota sp. y Turbinaria sp. disminuyeron significativamente la actividad exploratoria a un 34.9% y 41.6% respectivamente. El extracto de Sargassum sp. disminuyó significativamente la convulsión tónica inducida por el choque eléctrico a un 74.6 %. Estos resultados sugieren la presencia en estos extractos de compuestos con efectos sedante y anticonvulsivante. El extracto de Dyctiota sp. se evaluó en conducta motora y evitación activa en ratas hembras AXC de 200-250 g de peso corporal, así como en conducta exploratoria, laberinto en cruz, natación forzada y convulsiones inducidas por choque eléctrico en ratones machos Balb-c y OF1. Se ensayaron dosis entre 125-1000 mg/kg de peso. Las mayores dosis estudiadas produjeron una disminución de la conducta motora en ratas a 36% mientras que la actividad exploratoria se redujo a 14% en ratones. En el modelo de evitación activa a dosis de 125 y 250 mg/kg del extracto, se observó un enlentecimiento en el aprendizaje. Estos resultados sugieren un posible efecto sedante en este extracto lo que justifica el interés en continuar los estudios con esta especie por su posible interés terapéutico.algas marinas, Sargassum sp., Dyctiota sp., Turbinaria sp