Underlying factors promoting nestedness of bird assemblages in cays of the Jardines de la Reina archipelago, Cuba

Factores subyacentes que promueven el anidamiento de ensamblajes de aves en cayos del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina, Cuba La evaluación de los factores asociados a los modelos de anidamiento se ha convertido en un aspecto esencial de los estudios sobre estructuración de comunidades. Los ensamblajes de aves del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina presentan una estructura anidada estable, aunque sus causas permanecen sin evaluar. Se elaboró una matriz de datos de presencia y ausencia a partir de un inventario de aves obtenido en 43 cayos de este archipiélago. Se calculó el anidamiento mediante el índice NODF basado en el relleno superpuesto y decreciente. La significación del anidamiento se evaluó mediante 1.000  iteraciones de cuatro modelos nulos. Las columnas de la matriz se reordenaron para evaluar siete factores que podrían estar relacionados con el anidamiento en las comunidades de aves. Los ensamblajes de aves presentaron un modelo de anidamiento significativo (67,93) y todos los factores contribuyeron (p < 0,01) a los modelos de anidamiento de las comunidades de aves. La diversidad de hábitats y el área y el perímetro de los cayos fueron los factores que más contribuyeron a la estructura anidada. El modelo de anidamiento de los ensamblajes de aves en los Jardines de la Reina podría estar causado por la interacción de la extinción selectiva y, en menor medida, por la colonización diferencial de especies.Factores subyacentes que promueven el anidamiento de ensamblajes de aves en cayos del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina, Cuba La evaluación de los factores asociados a los modelos de anidamiento se ha convertido en un aspecto esencial de los estudios sobre estructuración de comunidades. Los ensamblajes de aves del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina presentan una estructura anidada estable, aunque sus causas permanecen sin evaluar. Se elaboró una matriz de datos de presencia y ausencia a partir de un inventario de aves obtenido en 43 cayos de este archipiélago. Se calculó el anidamiento mediante el índice NODF basado en el relleno superpuesto y decreciente. La significación del anidamiento se evaluó mediante 1.000  iteraciones de cuatro modelos nulos. Las columnas de la matriz se reordenaron para evaluar siete factores que podrían estar relacionados con el anidamiento en las comunidades de aves. Los ensamblajes de aves presentaron un modelo de anidamiento significativo (67,93) y todos los factores contribuyeron (p < 0,01) a los modelos de anidamiento de las comunidades de aves. La diversidad de hábitats y el área y el perímetro de los cayos fueron los factores que más contribuyeron a la estructura anidada. El modelo de anidamiento de los ensamblajes de aves en los Jardines de la Reina podría estar causado por la interacción de la extinción selectiva y, en menor medida, por la colonización diferencial de especies.Assessing the factors associated with nestedness patterns is a crucial aspect in studies of community structure. Bird assemblages in the Jardines de la Reina archipelago have a stable nested structure but the underlying influences have not been evaluated. We constructed a presence–absence data matrix based on a bird inventory obtained from 43 cays of this archipelago. We calculated nestedness using the NODF metric based on the overlap and decreasing fill and evaluated its significance by running 1,000 iterations of four null models. The matrix columns were rearranged to evaluate seven factors possibly related to the nestedness of bird communities. Bird assemblages exhibited a significant nested pattern (67.93) and all factors contributed (p < 0.01) to the nestedness patterns of bird communities. Habitat diversity and cay area and perimeter were the factors that contributed most to the nested structure. The nestedness pattern in the bird assemblages of the Jardines de la Reina archipelago was potentially caused by the interaction of selective extinction and differential colonization of species, with the former having a more remarkable effect

Effects of migrations on the nestedness structure of bird assemblages in cays of the Jardines de la Reina archipelago, Cuba

Efecto de las migraciones sobre la estructura de anidamiento de los ensamblajes de aves en los cayos del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina, Cuba La hipótesis del subgrupo anidado plantea que, en biotas fragmentadas, las especies de los sitios empobrecidos constituyen subconjuntos no aleatorios de las especies de los sitios con mayor riqueza. El efecto de las migraciónones sobre estos modelos aún no ha sido abordado plenamente. Se compararon los estados fenológico de la comunidad durante las migraciones primaveral y otoñal. Se recogieron datos sobre las presencias y ausencias de las especies de aves en 43 cayos del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Luego se construyeron dos matrices de incidencia para los periodos otoñal y primaveral. El grado de anidamiento de las matrices se calculó mediante el índice de anidamiento basado en el relleno superpuesto y decreciente, y se evaluó su significación mediante 1.000 réplicas de cuatro modelos nulos. Los ensamblajes de aves presentaron un mayor número de especies en el periodo otoñal (67) que en el primaveral (51). También manifestaron un modelo de anidamiento significativo y estable, que fue ligeramente mayor durante el periodo primaveral. Así, las fluctuaciones estacionales debidas a los movimientos migratorios prácticamente no alteraron la estructura anidada de los ensamblajes de aves.The nested subset hypothesis states that species in fragmented, less species–rich biotas are non–random subsets of those inhabiting richer sites. The effect of migration on these models has not been yet fully addressed. We compared the phenological stages of the community during the spring and fall migrations. Presence–absence data of bird species occurring at 43 cays of the Jardines de la Reina archipelago was compiled and two incidence matrices were built for fall and spring periods. The degree of nestedness was estimated based on the overlap and decreasing fill, and its significance was assessed by means of 1,000 replicates of four null models. Bird assemblages showed a higher number of species during fall (67) than they did in spring (51). They also showed a significant and stable pattern of nestedness, although this was slightly higher in spring. Seasonal fluctuations caused by migratory movements thus barely affected the nested structure of bird assemblages.Efecto de las migraciones sobre la estructura de anidamiento de los ensamblajes de aves en los cayos del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina, Cuba La hipótesis del subgrupo anidado plantea que, en biotas fragmentadas, las especies de los sitios empobrecidos constituyen subconjuntos no aleatorios de las especies de los sitios con mayor riqueza. El efecto de las migraciónones sobre estos modelos aún no ha sido abordado plenamente. Se compararon los estados fenológico de la comunidad durante las migraciones primaveral y otoñal. Se recogieron datos sobre las presencias y ausencias de las especies de aves en 43 cayos del archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Luego se construyeron dos matrices de incidencia para los periodos otoñal y primaveral. El grado de anidamiento de las matrices se calculó mediante el índice de anidamiento basado en el relleno superpuesto y decreciente, y se evaluó su significación mediante 1.000 réplicas de cuatro modelos nulos. Los ensamblajes de aves presentaron un mayor número de especies en el periodo otoñal (67) que en el primaveral (51). También manifestaron un modelo de anidamiento significativo y estable, que fue ligeramente mayor durante el periodo primaveral. Así, las fluctuaciones estacionales debidas a los movimientos migratorios prácticamente no alteraron la estructura anidada de los ensamblajes de aves

Gaya Desain Kolonial Belanda pada Interior Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus Surabaya

The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Surabaya is one of the Dutch Catholic Church heritage buildings built in the 1920s. This church still exists today and its architecture and interior aspects remain significantly unchanged. This study aims to observe the characteristics of Dutch Colonial styles that have influenced the interior of this church. The results showed that the elements forming the existing space and furniture were influenced by the Dutch Colonial styles of design that flourished in Surabaya in the period of the 1900s to 1920s

Spatial variability in iron nutritional status of large diatoms in the Sea of Okhotsk with special reference to the Amur River discharge

The Sea of Okhotsk is known as one of the most biologically productive regions among the world's oceans, and its productivity is supported in part by the discharge of iron (Fe)-rich water from the Amur River. However, little is known about the effect of riverine-derived Fe input on the physiology of the large diatoms which often flourish in surface waters of the productive continental shelf region. We conducted diatom-specific immunochemical ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld) assays in order to investigate the spatial variability of Fe nutritional status in the microplankton-sized (20–200 μm; hereafter micro-sized) diatoms. The Fd index, defined as the proportion of Fd to the sum of Fd plus Fld accumulations in the cells, was used to assess their Fe nutritional status. Additionally, active chlorophyll fluorescence measurements using pulse–amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometry were carried out to obtain the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (<i>F</i>_v/<i>F</i>_m) of photosystem II for the total micro-sized phytoplankton assemblages including diatoms. During our observations in the summer of 2006, the micro-sized diatoms were relatively abundant (> 10 μg C L^&minus;1) in the neritic region, and formed a massive bloom in Sakhalin Bay near the mouth of the Amur River. Values of the Fd index and <i>F</i>_v/<i>F</i>_m were high (>0.9 and >0.65, respectively) near the river mouth, indicating that Fe was sufficient for growth of the diatoms. However, in oceanic waters of the Sea of Okhotsk, the diatom Fd index declined as cellular Fld accumulation increased. These results suggest that there was a distinct gradient in Fe nutritional status in the micro-sized diatoms from near the Amur River mouth to open waters in the Sea of Okhotsk. A significant correlation between dissolved Fe (D-Fe) concentration and the Fd index was found in waters off Sakhalin Island, indicating that D-Fe was a key factor for the photophysiology of this diatom size class. In the vicinity of the Kuril Islands between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean, micro-sized diatoms only accumulated Fld (i.e., Fd index = 0), despite strong vertical mixing consistent with elevated surface D-Fe levels (>0.4 nM). Since higher Fe quotas are generally required for diatoms growing under low-light conditions, the micro-sized diatoms off the Kuril Islands possibly encountered Fe and light co-limitations. The differential expressions of Fd and Fld in micro-sized diatoms helped us to understand how these organisms respond to Fe availability in the Sea of Okhotsk in connection with the Amur River discharge

Feasibility of Utilizing Social Media to Promote HPV Self‐Collected Sampling Among Medically Underserved Women in a Rural Southern City in the United States (U.S.)

Background: Social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter) as communication channels have great potential to deliver Human papillomavirus self‐test (HPVST) intervention to medically underserved women (MUW) such as women of low income. However, little is known about MUW’s willingness to participate in HPVST intervention delivered through social media. We evaluated factors that contribute to MUW’s intention to participate in the social media‐related intervention for HPVST. Methods: A 21‐item survey was administered among women receiving food from a local food pantry in a U.S. southern state. Independent variables were social media usage facilitators (including confidentiality, social support, cost, and convenience), and barriers (including misinformation, time‐consuming, inefficient, and privacy concerns). Dependent variables included the likelihood of participating in social‐driven intervention for HPVST. Both variables were measured on a 5‐point scale. We used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the data. Results: A total of 254 women (mean age 48.9 ± 10.7 years) comprising Whites (40%), Hispanics (29%), Blacks (27%), and Other (4%) participated in the study. We found that over 44% of the women were overdue for their pap smears for the past three years, 12% had never had a pap smear, and 34% were not sure if they had had a pap smear. Over 82% reported frequent social media (e.g., Facebook) usage, and 52% reported willingness to participate in social media‐driven intervention for HPVST. Women who reported that social media provide privacy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 6.23, 95% CI: 3.56, 10.92), provide social support (AOR = 7.18, 95% CI: 4.03, 12.80), are less costly (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 3.80, 11.85), and are convenient (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.49, 10.92) had significantly increased odds of participating in social media intervention for HPVST. Conclusions: The findings underscore that the majority of the MUW are overdue for cervical cancer screening, regularly use social media, and are willing to participate in social media‐driven intervention. Social media could be used to promote HPV self‐testing among MUW

Spatial variability in iron nutritional status of large diatoms in the Sea of Okhotsk with special reference to the Amur River discharge

The Sea of Okhotsk is known as one of the most biologically productive regions among the world's oceans, and its productivity is supported in part by the discharge of iron (Fe)-rich water from the Amur River. However, little is known about the effect of riverine-derived Fe input on the physiology of the large diatoms which often flourish in surface waters of the productive continental shelf region. We conducted diatom-specific immunochemical ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld) assays in order to investigate the spatial variability of Fe nutritional status in the microplankton-sized (20-200 1/4m; hereafter micro-sized) diatoms. The Fd index, defined as the proportion of Fd to the sum of Fd plus Fld accumulations in the cells, was used to assess their Fe nutritional status. Additionally, active chlorophyll fluorescence measurements using pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometry were carried out to obtain the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II for the total micro-sized phytoplankton assemblages including diatoms. During our observations in the summer of 2006, the micro-sized diatoms were relatively abundant (> 10 1/4g C L−1) in the neritic region, and formed a massive bloom in Sakhalin Bay near the mouth of the Amur River. Values of the Fd index andFv/Fm were high (>0.9 and >0.65, respectively) near the river mouth, indicating that Fe was sufficient for growth of the diatoms. However, in oceanic waters of the Sea of Okhotsk, the diatom Fd index declined as cellular Fld accumulation increased. These results suggest that there was a distinct gradient in Fe nutritional status in the micro-sized diatoms from near the Amur River mouth to open waters in the Sea of Okhotsk. A significant correlation between dissolved Fe (D-Fe) concentration and the Fd index was found in waters off Sakhalin Island, indicating that D-Fe was a key factor for the photophysiology of this diatom size class. In the vicinity of the Kuril Islands between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean, micro-sized diatoms only accumulated Fld (i.e., Fd index Combining double low line 0), despite strong vertical mixing consistent with elevated surface D-Fe levels (>0.4 nM). Since higher Fe quotas are generally required for diatoms growing under low-light conditions, the micro-sized diatoms off the Kuril Islands possibly encountered Fe and light co-limitations. The differential expressions of Fd and Fld in micro-sized diatoms helped us to understand how these organisms respond to Fe availability in the Sea of Okhotsk in connection with the Amur River discharge. © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License

Recommended curriculum for subspecialty training in transplant infectious disease on behalf of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice Educational Initiatives Working Group

R. Avery, H. Clauss, L. Danziger-Isakov, J. Davis, K. Doucette, D. van Duin, J. Fishman, F. Gunseren, A. Humar, S. Husain, C. Isada, K. Julian, D. Kaul, D. Kumar, S. Martin, M. Michaels, M. Morris, F. Silveira, A. Subramanian. Recommended curriculum for subspecialty training in transplant infectious disease on behalf of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice Educational Initiatives Working Group. Transpl Infect Dis 2010: 12: 190–194. All rights reservedThe American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases (ID) Community of Practice has established an education workgroup to identify core components of a curriculum for training specialists in transplant ID. Clinical, laboratory, and research training form the triad of components on which an additional year of ID training, dedicated to the care of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, should be based. The recommended training environment would have access to adequate numbers of transplant patients, along with qualified faculty committed to teaching specialized fellows in this area. The learning objectives for both inpatient and outpatient clinical training are presented. The laboratory component requires trainees to attain expertize in utilizing and interpreting cutting-edge diagnostics used in transplant medicine. The research component may involve basic science, and translational or clinical research individualized to the trainee. Finally, suggestions for evaluation of both the fellows and the training program are provided.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79192/1/j.1399-3062.2010.00510.x.pd

Responses of phytoplankton assemblages to iron availability and mixing water masses during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region, NW Pacific

Spring phytoplankton blooms play a major role in the carbon biogeochemical cycle of the Oyashio region, western subarctic Pacific, where the seasonal biological drawdown effect on seawater pCO 2 is one of the greatest among the world's oceans. However, the bloom often terminates before depleting macronutrients, and the initiation and magnitude of the bloom is heterogeneous. We conducted a high resolution taxonomic and physiological assessment of phytoplankton in relation to the different physicochemical water masses of Coastal Oyashio Water (COW), Oyashio water (OYW), and modified Kuroshio water (MKW) in the Oyashio region from April to June 2007. Massive diatom blooms were found in April. Then, chlorophyll a concentration, cell abundance of diatom taxa, and the maximum photosystem II photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) were positively correlated with the mixing ratios of COW, suggesting that the spring bloom in April was strongly affected by the intrusion of COW. In the OYW, intensive blooms occurred from the middle of May under low dissolved iron (DFe) concentration (< 0.26 nM). Redundancy analysis showed that while diatom blooms accompanied by COW were related to DFe concentration, this was not the case in the OYW. These results indicated that diatoms in the OYW possess different iron adaptation strategies compared with diatoms in the water masses affected by COW. This led to the spatial heterogeneity of the Oyashio spring bloom. The results presented here demonstrate that water mass characterization with detailed assessments of phytoplankton taxonomy and physiological status can improve our understanding of marine ecosystems

Genetic variants in mannose receptor gene (MRC1) confer susceptibility to increased risk of sarcoidosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mannose receptor (MR) is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family involved in pathogen molecular-pattern recognition and thought to be critical in shaping host immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate potential associations of genetic variants in the <it>MRC1 </it>gene with sarcoidosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), encompassing the <it>MRC1 </it>gene, were genotyped in a total of 605 Japanese consisting of 181 sarcoidosis patients and 424 healthy controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Suggestive evidence of association between rs691005 SNP and risk of sarcoidosis was observed independent of sex and age in a recessive model (<it>P </it>= 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that <it>MRC1 </it>is an important candidate gene for sarcoidosis. This is the first study to imply that genetic variants in <it>MRC1</it>, a major member of the C-type lectin, contribute to the development of sarcoidosis.</p