A sufficient condition for pre-Hamiltonian cycles in bipartite digraphs

Let $D$ be a strongly connected balanced bipartite directed graph of order $2a\geq 10$ other than a directed cycle. Let $x,y$ be distinct vertices in $D$. $\{x,y\}$ dominates a vertex $z$ if $x\rightarrow z$ and $y\rightarrow z$; in this case, we call the pair $\{x,y\}$ dominating. In this paper we prove: If $max\{d(x), d(y)\}\geq 2a-2$ for every dominating pair of vertices $\{x,y\}$, then $D$ contains cycles of all lengths $2,4, \ldots , 2a-2$ or $D$ is isomorphic to a certain digraph of order ten which we specify.Comment: 15 page

Sekuen Asam Amino Anti White Spot Syndrome Virus (Wssv) pada Udang Windu (Penaeus Monodon)

This study aimed to determine the amino acid sequencehomology, functional domains, the model predictionof protein structure and characteristics of genesencoding anti WSSV in black tiger shrimp (Penaeusmonodon) originated from Indramayu District. Theresearch method was qualitative descriptive analysis bycomparing the results of PCR isolation of genes encodinganti WSSV with GenBank sequence data. The resultsshowed that the sequence gene encoding anti WSSV inblack tiger shrimp DNA originated Indramayu genesequences homologous with Penaeus monodon AV gene,complate cds (no. Accession DQ641258.1) and Penaeusmonodon PMAV (PmAV) mRNA, complete cds (no.Accession AY3202750.1). C -type lectin is a functionaldomain of the amino acid sequences of anti WSSVin black tiger shrimp. The structure of the proteinencoding anti WSSV (c -type lectin) is characterized bythe presence of a signal peptide, alpha helix clusters, betastrand and there are in three cells zones. C-type lectinindicated could help improved the resistance of blacktiger shrimp from Indramayu district against WSSVand the c -type lectin could be found in various typesof organisms to be developed as an immunostimulatorysubstance

Plasmon-assisted two-photon Rabi oscillations in a semiconductor quantum dot -- metal nanoparticle heterodimer

Tho-photon Rabi oscillations hold potential for quantum computing and quantum information processing, because during a Rabi cycle a pair of entangled photons may be created. We theoretically investigate the onset of this phenomenon in a heterodimer comprising a semiconductor quantum dot strongly coupled to a metal nanoparticle. Two-photon Rabi oscillations in this system occur due to a coherent two-photon process involving the ground-to-biexciton transition in the quantum dot. The presence of a metal nanoparticle nearby the quantum dot results in a self-action of the quantum dot via the metal nanoparticle, because the polatization state of the latter depends on the quantum state of the former. The interparticle interaction gives rise to two principal effects: (i) - enhancement of the external field amplitude and (ii) - renormalization of the quantum dot's resonance frequencies and relaxation rates of the off-diagonal density matrix elements, both depending on the populations of the quantum dot's levels. Here, we focus on the first effect, which results in interesting new features, in particular, in an increased number of Rabi cycles per pulse as compared to an isolated quantum dot and subsequent growth of the number of entangled photon pairs per pulse. We also discuss the destructive role of radiative decay of the excitonic states on two-photon Rabi oscillations for both an isolated quantum dot and a heterodimer.Comment: 11 pages, 19 figure

Studi Komparasi Life Cycle Cost Pada Gedung Apartemen

Dalam mendesain suatu gedung apartemen yang ekonomis dan efisien, analisis life cycle cost dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan desain yang paling efisien selama umur pakai bangunan. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, telah didapatkan bahwa biaya energi merupakan komponen biaya terbesar dalam life cycle cost suatu gedung.Data pada penelitian ini berasal dari manajemen pengelola gedung dan beberapa supplier produk dan peralatan yang di teliti. Analisis penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menjumlahkan biaya awal (C), biaya perawatan (M), biaya operasional (O), biaya penggantian (R) dari tiap produk dan peralatan. Sebelum dijumlahkan semua biaya dikonversikan dengan metode annual cost.Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan metode LCC pada saat menentukan peralatan mekanikal dan elektrikal yang digunakan pada suatu gedung apartemen dapat menghasilkan penghematan pada biaya pengelolaan gedung. Selain itu penelitian ini menunjukan bahawa sumber pendanaan awal yang berasal dari pinjaman bank tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan untuk pemilihan suatu produk dan peralatan yang berkaitan dengan energ