A retrospective study on various methods used in second trimester MTP at KIMS hospital and research centre, Bangalore

Background: Despite the fact that majority of abortions are performed in the first trimester, 10-15% of abortions have taken place in the second trimester period globally because of delayed diagnosis of fetal anomalies and failure to recognize an undesired pregnancy in the first trimester. This study aims to describe the various methods used in inducing second trimester abortions and to analyse the efficacy and safety profile of these methods.Methods: Retrospective observational study. This study analysed case records of 30 patients who underwent second trimester abortion between the gestations of 12 and 28 weeks. All case records of patients who underwent second trimester abortion between the gestation 12 and 28 weeks from 1st January 2021 to 1st August 2021 at the department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, KIMS hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore was analysed. Dilapan-s (hygroscopic mechanical dilator), Foley’s and mifepristone for cervical ripening followed by varying doses of misoprostol are the different methods studied in this study population.Results: Most of the patients in study population belonged to the age group of 28-32 years. 60% patients underwent MTP between the gestational ages of 16-20weeks.The commonest indication for MTP was fetal anomaly.Conclusions: Mifepristone group had short induction to abortion interval but was associated with higher rates of retained placenta bits. Foleys group had the longest induction to abortion interval but reported no complications

MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2)

Review on MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

Biophotonics methods for functional monitoring of complications of diabetes mellitus

The prevalence of diabetes complications is a significant public health problem with a considerable economic cost. Thus, the timely diagnosis of complications and prevention of their development will contribute to increasing the length and quality of patient life, and reducing the economic costs of their treatment. This article aims to review the current state-of-the-art biophotonics technologies used to identify the complications of diabetes mellitus and assess the quality of their treatment. Additionally, these technologies assess the structural and functional properties of biological tissues, and they include capillaroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry and hyperspectral imaging, laser speckle contrast imaging, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging, optical coherence tomography, optoacoustic imaging and confocal microscopy. Recent advances in the field of optical noninvasive diagnosis suggest a wider introduction of biophotonics technologies into clinical practice and, in particular, in diabetes care units

Novel super junction technique used in AlGaN/GaN HEMT for high power applications

Abstract In this paper, a novel super junction technique in AlGaN/GaN HEMT is proposed and analyzed. The novel super junction is capable of splitting the potential drops to two points rather than a single point in the lateral axis (channel axis). Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) physical simulator is used to investigate the proposed GaN HEMT. Analyses of the simulation results, shows that the breakdown voltage of proposed AlGaN/GaN HEMT with super junction is higher than that of a conventional device. Proposed device demonstrated a breakdown voltage improvement of 26%. This is due to the reduction of peak electric field using super junction and it is evidenced in the simulation. Further, the Johnson figure of merit (JFOM) is extracted. The JFOM of proposed and conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT are 4.89 × 1012 V s−1 and 3.79 × 1012 V s−1, respectively. The JFOM in the proposed device is improved by 23%. This improvement is mainly due to the improvement of breakdown voltage rather than cut-off frequency. Overall, the proposed device is a promising candidate for high-power applications as it can withstand higher voltages without compromising the switching-frequency.</jats:p

Novel super junction technique used in AlGaN/GaN HEMT for high power applications

In this paper, a novel super junction technique in AlGaN/GaN HEMT is proposed and analyzed. The novel super junction is capable of splitting the potential drops to two points rather than a single point in the lateral axis (channel axis). Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) physical simulator is used to investigate the proposed GaN HEMT. Analyses of the simulation results, shows that the breakdown voltage of proposed AlGaN/GaN HEMT with super junction is higher than that of a conventional device. Proposed device demonstrated a breakdown voltage improvement of 26%. This is due to the reduction of peak electric field using super junction and it is evidenced in the simulation. Further, the Johnson figure of merit (JFOM) is extracted. The JFOM of proposed and conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT are 4.89 × 1012 V s ^−1 and 3.79 × 1012 V s ^−1 , respectively. The JFOM in the proposed device is improved by 23%. This improvement is mainly due to the improvement of breakdown voltage rather than cut-off frequency. Overall, the proposed device is a promising candidate for high-power applications as it can withstand higher voltages without compromising the switching-frequency

DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME SINGLE CHANNEL BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACE SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF DROWSINESS

Drowsiness or fatigue condition refers to feeling abnormally sleepy at an inappropriate time, especially during day time. It reduces the level of concentration and slowdown the response time, which eventually increases the error rate while doing any day-to-day activity. It can be dangerous for some people who require higher concentration level while doing their work. Study shows that 25–30% of road accidents occur due to drowsy driving. There are number of methods available for the detection of drowsiness out of which most of the methods provide an indirect measurement of drowsiness whereas electroencephalography provides the most reliable and direct measurement of the level of consciousness of the subject. The aim of this paper is to design and develop a portable and low cost brain–computer interface system for detection of drowsiness. In this study, we are using three dry electrodes out of which two active electrodes are placed on the forehead whereas the reference electrode is placed on the earlobe to acquire electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Previous research shows that, there is a measurable change in the amplitude of theta ([Formula: see text]) wave and alpha ([Formula: see text]) wave between the active state and the drowsy state and based on this fact theta ([Formula: see text]) wave and alpha ([Formula: see text]) wave are separated from the normal EEG signal. The signal processing unit is interfaced with the microcontroller unit which is programmed to analyze the drowsiness based on the change in the amplitude of theta ([Formula: see text]) wave. An alarm will be activated once drowsiness is detected. The experiment was conducted on 20 subjects and EEG data were recorded to develop our drowsiness detection system. Experimental results have proved that our system has achieved real-time drowsiness detection with an accuracy of approximately 85%. </jats:p