Interacting fermions and domain wall defects in 2+1 dimensions

We consider a Dirac field in 2+1 dimensions with a domain wall like defect in its mass, minimally coupled to a dynamical Abelian vector field. The mass of the fermionic field is assumed to have just one linear domain wall, which is externally fixed and unaffected by the dynamics. We show that, under some general conditions on the parameters, the localized zero modes predicted by the Callan and Harvey mechanism are stable under the electromagnetic interaction of the fermions

Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions Involving 1,2-Indole Migration

A cascade reaction of indoles with propargylic diols involving an unprecedented metal-free 1,2-indole migration onto an alkyne is here described. DFT calculations support a mechanism consisting in a concerted nucleophilic attack of the indole nucleus with loss of water followed by the 1,2-migration and subsequent Nazarov cyclization. This Brønsted acid-catalyzed protocol affords indole-functionalized benzofulvene derivatives in high yields.Junta de Castilla y León(BU237U13) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER (CTQ2013-48937-C2-1P and 2-P

Conflictos Socioambientales: Políticas públicas y derechos. Aproximación a un debate

Esta colección de tres volúmenes nos permite pensar y actuar frente a los conflictos que atraviesan los seres humanos y las sociedades en su ejercicio cotidiano, que forma parte de la evolución y transformación históricas. De una dialéctica permanente entre desaprender, aprender y re-aprende

Organic Farming and Landscape: Experiences and Perceptions in Alt Empordà (Catalonia, NE Spain)

The five sections comprising this chapter explore the word “landscape” and its meaning in the rural European Mediterranean world from the perspective of organic farmers. One of the aims of this chapter is to make the reader aware of the true nature of these landscapes, and of the need to educate inhabitants and visitors about their conservation. To this end, a case study is presented which focuses on the district of Alt Empordà (Catalonia, NE Spain). In the first, introductory section, some theoretical considerations concerning the concept of landscape will be discussed, and questions related to the terminology, typology and even contradictions which are encompassed in this word will be explored. The second section will consist of a brief description of the principal geographical features of the area studied, whilst the third presents the most relevant figures concerning organic farming production in Spain and Catalonia. The fourth section can be considered as representing the main body of the chapter, since it concerns the subject which has been the focus of this research: how organic farmers in the Alt Empordà district perceive the landscape. Rather than taking a rigid stance on the concept of landscape, which is after all a concept which everybody uses and is thus subject to multiple meanings and interpretations (Küster, 2004), the aim of this section is to try to describe the different perceptions that organic farmers have of this concept, and how they relate these perceptions to their activities and surroundings. Lastly, the main conclusions that were drawn from this study are summarised. Accordingly, perhaps the best place to start this chapter is with some brief reflections on the word “landscape”, and the associations and interpretations it elicits

Planck intermediate results. VIII. Filaments between interacting clusters

About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of filaments of hot and low density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories which are limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low density medium. The Planck satellite has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for studying extended low density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Cluster pairs are good candidates for searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of clusters and the Planck data, we select physical pairs of clusters as candidates. Using the Planck data we construct a local map of the tSZ effect centered on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data is used to construct X-ray maps of these pairs. After having modelled and subtracted the tSZ effect and X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair we study the residuals on both the SZ and X-ray maps. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of kT = 7.1 +- 0.9, keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density of (3.7 +- 0.2)x10^-4, cm^-3. The Planck satellite mission has provided the first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas.Comment: Accepted by A&

Genetic regulation of pituitary gland development in human and mouse

Normal hypothalamopituitary development is closely related to that of the forebrain and is dependent upon a complex genetic cascade of transcription factors and signaling molecules that may be either intrinsic or extrinsic to the developing Rathke’s pouch. These factors dictate organ commitment, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation within the anterior pituitary. Abnormalities in these processes are associated with congenital hypopituitarism, a spectrum of disorders that includes syndromic disorders such as septo-optic dysplasia, combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, and isolated hormone deficiencies, of which the commonest is GH deficiency. The highly variable clinical phenotypes can now in part be explained due to research performed over the last 20 yr, based mainly on naturally occurring and transgenic animal models. Mutations in genes encoding both signaling molecules and transcription factors have been implicated in the etiology of hypopituitarism, with or without other syndromic features, in mice and humans. To date, mutations in known genes account for a small proportion of cases of hypopituitarism in humans. However, these mutations have led to a greater understanding of the genetic interactions that lead to normal pituitary development. This review attempts to describe the complexity of pituitary development in the rodent, with particular emphasis on those factors that, when mutated, are associated with hypopituitarism in humans

A Bioclimatic Approach for Enhanced Wine Cellar Design: General Formulation and Analysis of a Case Study in Mexico

Winemaking facilities require specific interior hygrothermal conditions for wine production and aging, often necessitating the use of electromechanical cooling and humidification systems that increase energy consumption costs. This study aimed to assess the potential application of bioclimatic strategies in artisanal wine cellars within the Guadalupe Valley, Baja California, Mexico, using a quantitative theoretical method. Psychrometric charts incorporating estimated and measured meteorological data from the study area were employed to analyze bioclimatic strategies for two key areas of a wine cellar: (1) Production and (2) Aging. Our findings highlight that integrating high thermal mass and shading techniques represents an effective strategy for wine cellar design, offering reduced reliance on active systems and promoting substantial energy savings. This research underscores the viability and benefits of bioclimatic design approaches in enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of wine cellar operations, particularly in regions with specific climatic challenges. like the Guadalupe Valley