A Monoclonal Antibody against p53 Cross-Reacts with Processing Bodies

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is an important regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis. p53 can be found in the nucleus and in the cytosol, and the subcellular location is key to control p53 function. In this work, we found that a widely used monoclonal antibody against p53, termed Pab 1801 (Pan antibody 1801) yields a remarkable punctate signal in the cytoplasm of several cell lines of human origin. Surprisingly, these puncta were also observed in two independent p53-null cell lines. Moreover, the foci stained with the Pab 1801 were present in rat cells, although Pab 1801 recognizes an epitope that is not conserved in rodent p53. In contrast, the Pab 1801 nuclear staining corresponded to genuine p53, as it was upregulated by p53-stimulating drugs and absent in p53-null cells. We identified the Pab 1801 cytoplasmic puncta as P Bodies (PBs), which are involved in mRNA regulation. We found that, in several cell lines, including U2OS, WI38, SK-N-SH and HCT116, the Pab 1801 puncta strictly colocalize with PBs identified with specific antibodies against the PB components Hedls, Dcp1a, Xrn1 or Rck/p54. PBs are highly dynamic and accordingly, the Pab 1801 puncta vanished when PBs dissolved upon treatment with cycloheximide, a drug that causes polysome stabilization and PB disruption. In addition, the knockdown of specific PB components that affect PB integrity simultaneously caused PB dissolution and the disappearance of the Pab 1801 puncta. Our results reveal a strong cross-reactivity of the Pab 1801 with unknown PB component(s). This was observed upon distinct immunostaining protocols, thus meaning a major limitation on the use of this antibody for p53 imaging in the cytoplasm of most cell types of human or rodent origin

The metabolic basis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: 2011 report of the “metabolic” workgroup of the Fondation Yves Cotrel

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to elucidate the metabolic processes involved in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in light of research by the present authors as well as current literature. METHODS: Pathogenetic mechanism

Ensayos de vacunación simultánea a campo

Bovinos adultos fueron vacunados en forma simultánea con vacuna trivalente oleosa inactivada contra Fiebre Aftosa (A-O-C) y vacunados y revacunados (0-30 días posvacunación) con vacuna contra la Diarrea Neonatal de los Terneros, inactivada y oleosa, conteniendo Rotavirus Bovino G6/P6 y Escherichia Coli enteropatogénica (K99), sin demostrarse modificaciones en la inocuidad de cada una de las vacunas administradas solas o en forma simultánea hasta los 90 días posvacunación.La respuesta serológica a los antígenos utilizados en cada grupo, fue evaluada mediante la detección de anticuerpos circulantes detectados por ELISA-FL y demostró que no se produce interferencia en la respuesta a cada antígeno, independientemente del procedimiento utilizado en la vacunación simple o simultánea.Palabras claves: Vacunación simultánea,  vacunas  combinadas,  Fiebre  Aftosa, Rotavirus, Diarreas Neonatal de los terneros, inocuidad.AbstractAdult cattle were vaccinated simultaneously with an inactivated trivalent (A-O-C) oil adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine and vaccinated and re-vaccinated at 0 and 30 days, with an inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccine against neonatal calf diarrhea, containing bovine rotavirus G6/P6 and enteropathogenic Escherichiad coli (K99). No changes in the inocuity of each vaccine or combined treatment were detected in cattle during the 90 days observation period.The serological response of the three groups, evaluated by detection of circulating antibodies by Liquid Phase (LP)-ELISA showed that, there is no interference in the antibody response to each antigen, regardless the treatment employed.Key words: Simultaneous vaccination, vaccines, combined vaccines, Foot and Mouth Disease, Rotaviruses, neonatal calf diarrhea, inocuity.

Ensayos de vacunación simultánea a campo

Bovinos adultos fueron vacunados en forma simultánea con vacuna trivalente oleosa inactivada contra Fiebre Aftosa (A-O-C) y vacunados y revacunados (0-30 días posvacunación) con vacuna contra la Diarrea Neonatal de los Terneros, inactivada y oleosa, conteniendo Rotavirus Bovino G6/P6 y Escherichia Coli enteropatogénica (K99), sin demostrarse modificaciones en la inocuidad de cada una de las vacunas administradas solas o en forma simultánea hasta los 90 días posvacunación.La respuesta serológica a los antígenos utilizados en cada grupo, fue evaluada mediante la detección de anticuerpos circulantes detectados por ELISA-FL y demostró que no se produce interferencia en la respuesta a cada antígeno, independientemente del procedimiento utilizado en la vacunación simple o simultánea.Palabras claves: Vacunación simultánea,  vacunas  combinadas,  Fiebre  Aftosa, Rotavirus, Diarreas Neonatal de los terneros, inocuidad.AbstractAdult cattle were vaccinated simultaneously with an inactivated trivalent (A-O-C) oil adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine and vaccinated and re-vaccinated at 0 and 30 days, with an inactivated oil adjuvanted vaccine against neonatal calf diarrhea, containing bovine rotavirus G6/P6 and enteropathogenic Escherichiad coli (K99). No changes in the inocuity of each vaccine or combined treatment were detected in cattle during the 90 days observation period.The serological response of the three groups, evaluated by detection of circulating antibodies by Liquid Phase (LP)-ELISA showed that, there is no interference in the antibody response to each antigen, regardless the treatment employed.Key words: Simultaneous vaccination, vaccines, combined vaccines, Foot and Mouth Disease, Rotaviruses, neonatal calf diarrhea, inocuity.

Come gestire e conservare ciò che non conosciamo? Un nuovo caso-studio da Barbatula = How can we manage and conserve what we don't know? A new case-study from Barbatula

Sette specie di cobite barbatello (Barbatula) sono attualmente note in Europa: tre nell’area dei Pirenei (B. quignardi, B. leoparda, B. hispanica), tre nella regione balcanica (B. sturanyi, B. vardarensis, B. zetensis) e B. barbatula nel resto d’Europa. Differenziazioni morfologiche e recenti studi molecolari suggeriscono tuttavia la possibile esistenza di diverse ulteriori specie non ancora descritte entro B. barbatula. Il cobite barbatello (B. barbatula) è considerato nativo in Nord Italia, e vulnerabile (VU), secondo la Lista Rossa Italiana, con una distribuzione limitata e frammentata dalla Lombardia al Friuli-Venezia-Giulia. In questo studio, 205 esemplari di Barbatula, raccolti da 14 siti di campionamento in Italia - sull’intera area di distribuzione nota - e da un sito in Austria, sono stati analizzati sequenziando le regioni mitocondriali citocromo ossidasi I (COI, marcatore di barcoding) e citocromo b (cytb) e sono stati quindi confrontati con campioni di riferimento dalla letteratura. I campioni italiani presentano elevati livelli di diversità genetica, con un chiaro segnale filogeografico su scala ridotta. Sono state osservate tre linee mitocondriali altamente divergenti: una in Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, una in Trentino Alto-Adige e due in Lombardia. Le tre linee - ed eventualmente due sotto-linee entro una di esse - dovrebbero quindi essere considerate come differenti Unità Gestionali; la tassonomia dovrebbe essere di conseguenza rivista e la loro distribuzione relativa e limitata dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione nell’aggiornamento del loro stato di rischio. Tuttavia, per gestire correttamente ed eventualmente proteggere queste popolazioni, è necessario acquisire nuovi dati e solidi supporti per chiarire se ciascuna di esse possa effettivamente rappresentare una specie autoctona fino ad oggi trascurata, relitto di una passata colonizzazione naturale, oppure un taxon esotico traslocato, introdotto lungo rotte di invasione ben note.Seven species of stone loach (Barbatula) are currently known from Europe: three from the Pyrenean area (B. quignardi, B. leoparda, B. hispanica), three from the Balkanian region (B. sturanyi, B. vardarensis, B. zetensis), and B. barbatula from the rest of Europe. Both morphological variation and recent molecular studies suggest, however, the possible existence of several additional undescribed species within B. barbatula. The stone loach (B. barbatula) is considered as native in North Italy Italy and classified as vulnerable (VU), according to the Italian Red List, having limited and fragmented distribution from Lombardy to Friuli-Venezia-Giulia regions. In the present study, 205 specimens of Barbatula, collected from 14 sampling sites in Italy - spanning its entire known distribution area - and from one site in Austria, were analysed by sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI, barcoding marker) and the cytochrome b (cytb) mitochondrial regions and were then compared with reference samples from the literature. High levels of genetic diversity were observed in the Italian samples, with a clear fine- scale phylogeographic signal. Three highly divergent mitochondrial lineages were observed: one in Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, one in Trentino Alto-Adige and two in Lombardy. The three lineages - and possibly two sublineages within one of them - should therefore be considered as different Management Units; their taxonomy should accordingly be revised and their relative limited distribution should be taken into account in updating their risk status. However, in order to properly manage and possibly protect these populations, new data and strong support need to be acquired to clarify whether any of them may actually represent an overlooked remnant native species, relict of past natural colonisation, or a translocated exotic taxon, introduced along well-trodden routes of invasion