Water Thermocline Confirms Susceptibility of Tilapia Cultured in Lakes to Streptococcus agalactiae

A study was conducted on water quality profiling to confirm susceptibility of tilapia cultured in lakes to Streptococcus agalactiae infection. A total of 1,010 and 719 tilapias of different sizes were collected from two lakes; the Kenyir and Pedu lakes, respectively. They were randomly sampled for a period of 24 months. Swabs of brain, eye and kidney were streaked directly onto blood agar before S. agalactiae was identified by the API 20 STREP kit, Slidex Strepto-kit and PCR technique. The water temperature (thermocline) and dissolved oxygen profiling were determined at 1 m intervals for up to 20 m deep. Water clarity and flow rate were also recorded using Secchi disk and a current meter. S. agalactiae was successfully isolated from both lakes throughout the year, ranging between 2 and 78%. Isolation was more frequent during the hot and dry months of both years. During this period, the mean water temperature was >29 degrees C for up to 8 m deep due to the significantly (p12 m deep. This and the slow water flow kept the water temperature at 4 m deep where tilapias under the cage culture system were kept to remain high causing stress to tilapia and increases susceptibility to S. agalactiae. Dissolved oxygen profiling, however remained high at >5 mg L-1 for up to 8 m deep and did not give adverse effects to susceptibility of tilapia to S. agalactiae

Water Thermocline Confirms Susceptibility of Tilapia Cultured in Lakes to Streptococcus agalactiae

A study was conducted on water quality profiling to confirm susceptibility of tilapia cultured in lakes to Streptococcus agalactiae infection. A total of 1,010 and 719 tilapias of different sizes were collected from two lakes; the Kenyir and Pedu lakes, respectively. They were randomly sampled for a period of 24 months. Swabs of brain, eye and kidney were streaked directly onto blood agar before S. agalactiae was identified by the API 20 STREP kit, Slidex Strepto-kit and PCR technique. The water temperature (thermocline) and dissolved oxygen profiling were determined at 1 m intervals for up to 20 m deep. Water clarity and flow rate were also recorded using Secchi disk and a current meter. S. agalactiae was successfully isolated from both lakes throughout the year, ranging between 2 and 78%. Isolation was more frequent during the hot and dry months of both years. During this period, the mean water temperature was >29 degrees C for up to 8 m deep due to the significantly (p12 m deep. This and the slow water flow kept the water temperature at 4 m deep where tilapias under the cage culture system were kept to remain high causing stress to tilapia and increases susceptibility to S. agalactiae. Dissolved oxygen profiling, however remained high at >5 mg L-1 for up to 8 m deep and did not give adverse effects to susceptibility of tilapia to S. agalactiae

Realisasi Pembangunan Komposter Permanen di Pasar Desa Mutih Kulon, sebagai Solusi Permasalahan Sampah Pasar Desa

Desa Mutih Kulon merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Desa ini memiliki sebuah pasar desa yang aktif berkegiatan di pagi hari dan berkontribusi memutar perekonomian warga. Adanya pasar desa ini memberikan berbagai dampak, baik positif maupun negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari eksistensi pasar desa ini adalah adanya gundukan sampah yang terletak di sudut pasar. Diperlukan adanya suatu upaya pengelolaan limbah pasar agar tidak menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap, pemandangan yang tidak enak, dan sumber penyakit. Berangkat dari sebuah inisiasi yang digagas oleh kelompok KKN UNS “Membangun Desa” perangkat desa dan karang taruna bersama-sama merealisasikan pembangunan komposter permanen di pasar desa. Selain membangun komposter untuk pengelolaan sampah organik, juga dibangun tempat sampah untuk menampung sampah anorganik yang ada. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah lebih tertata nya penampungan sampah di pasar desa. Selain itu, produk sampingan dari adanya komposter ini adalah terciptanya pupuk organik yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Hal tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat untuk masyarakat sekitar yang masih banyak penduduk yang bekerja dalam bidang pertanian. Selain itu, hal ini juga memberikan dampak pada lingkungan yang lebih indah, nyaman dan sehat untuk warga Desa Mutih Kulon, khususnya yang aktif berkegiatan di sekitar pasar desa

Realisasi Pembangunan Komposter Permanen di Pasar Desa Mutih Kulon, sebagai Solusi Permasalahan Sampah Pasar Desa

Desa Mutih Kulon merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Desa ini memiliki sebuah pasar desa yang aktif berkegiatan di pagi hari dan berkontribusi memutar perekonomian warga. Adanya pasar desa ini memberikan berbagai dampak, baik positif maupun negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari eksistensi pasar desa ini adalah adanya gundukan sampah yang terletak di sudut pasar. Diperlukan adanya suatu upaya pengelolaan limbah pasar agar tidak menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap, pemandangan yang tidak enak, dan sumber penyakit. Berangkat dari sebuah inisiasi yang digagas oleh kelompok KKN UNS “Membangun Desa” perangkat desa dan karang taruna bersama-sama merealisasikan pembangunan komposter permanen di pasar desa. Selain membangun komposter untuk pengelolaan sampah organik, juga dibangun tempat sampah untuk menampung sampah anorganik yang ada. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah lebih tertata nya penampungan sampah di pasar desa. Selain itu, produk sampingan dari adanya komposter ini adalah terciptanya pupuk organik yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Hal tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat untuk masyarakat sekitar yang masih banyak penduduk yang bekerja dalam bidang pertanian. Selain itu, hal ini juga memberikan dampak pada lingkungan yang lebih indah, nyaman dan sehat untuk warga Desa Mutih Kulon, khususnya yang aktif berkegiatan di sekitar pasar desa

Current status of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of farmed shrimp in Malaysia

A report about a disease problem in cultured whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was first received by the National Fish Health Research Center (NaFisH) in 2011 from Perak State showing signs of white feces and slow death leading to serious mortality rate. Later, in September of the same year, the Malaysian Shrimp Farmers Association (MSFA) reported to Department of Fisheries (DOF) severe mortalities in almost all of the whiteleg shrimp farms throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Sampling of shrimps for disease diagnosis was then conducted by NaFisH. The bacteriological and histopathological examinations revealed respectively the isolation of V. parahemolyticus and massive sloughing of hepatopancreatic epithelial cells. The disease was subsequently identified as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). From our 3-year study, the annual prevalence rates of AHPND were 50%, 26% and 73% in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. At present, AHPND still persists in Malaysia but at a lower prevalence. The risk factors associated with the disease were studied, however, varied environmental and management data analyzed were inconclusive to relate any one parameter directly to the disease. To help ensure the early detection of AHPND, an experimental observation study on `gut scorecard was carried out and this was confirmed by PCR and histopathology. Validation of this technique has yet to be carried out to ensure its reliability. We also examined the potential use of some commercial products such as probiotics and disinfectants available in the market but unfortunately results showed that they were not effective in controlling AHPND. Control measures applied by the farmers such as the use of probiotics were also verified but data generated likewise appeared to be inconclusive. On the contrary, our preliminary study on the antibacterial property of the plant extracts, i.e. betel and lemongrass, incorporated in the feed showed some prophylactic and chemotherapeutic potential against AHPND. However, comprehensive in vitro and in vivo trials are still currently being undertaken to elucidate its efficacy and practical applications. To ensure the shrimp industry s sustainability in Malaysia, results of our ongoing and future studies aimed at preventing and controlling unwarranted outbreaks of AHPND and other emerging transboundary diseases of penaeid shrimps will be continually disseminated to shrimp farmers and pertinent stakeholders

The effect of feed-based vaccination on tilapia farm endemic for streptococcosis

A tilapia farm experiencing endemic streptococcosis was selected to study the effect of vaccination with a feed-based vaccine on naturally ocurring streptococcosis. A total of 9000 red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus of 100 ± 20 g were divided into 9 cages. Fish of Group 1 in cages 1, 2 and 3 were not vaccinated. Group 2 in cages 4, 5 and 6 were vaccinated on days 0 and 14 (single booster) while Group 3 in cages 7, 8 and 9 were vaccinated on days 0, 14 and 42 (double booster). Vaccination was done by oral administration of the feed-based bacterin vaccine at 4% bodyweight. Samples of serum for antibody study and the brain, eyes and kidney for bacterial isolation were collected at 14-day intervals. The study was carried out during the critical months between April and June. Following vaccination and booster, there was significant (p < 0.05) increase in the antibody levels in all vaccinated groups from week 1 that reached the peak at week 3 before declining gradually until week 6. However, second booster on week 6 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the antibody level that remained high until the end of the 16-week study period (double booster). Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated at the start of the experiment (day 0) at an average of 10 ± 5.0% of the sampled fish. In week 4, the isolation rate was 13 ± 5.7% but increased to 18 ± 7.6% in week 8, to 25 ± 10.0% in week 10, to 28 ± 5.8% in week 12 and 25 ± 7.3% in week 14. The average isolation rate was 28 ± 7.2%, 18 ± 7.1% and 13 ± 8.2% of the fish sampled from unvaccinated, single booster and double booster groups, respectively. At the end of the study period, the survival rate was 45.2 ± 2.45% for unvaccinated, 65.3 ± 4.8% for single booster and 75.1 ± 2.1% for double booster groups. Vaccinating fish in endemic farm might not eliminate the disease but was able to significantly improve the survival rate

Synthesis Ag nanoparticle by laser fragmentation for high sensitive ammonia residue detection

Abstract We have been synthesis silver nanoparticles by using chemical analysis and successfully reduce silver nanoparticles by femtosecond laser fragmentation method with various silver nanoparticles size ranges from 60 - 75 nm, 10 - 35 nm and 9-17 nm. Characterization is carried out by Modular UV-Vis Spectrometer (MayaPro200, Ocean Optics) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM FEI Tecnai G20 S-Twin 200kV). Based on the results, silver nanoparticles (particles size are 9-17 nm) is high potential for detection of ammonia residues by ammonia PPM enhancement (10 PPM, 100 PPM, 150 PPM, 200 PPM, 250 PPM, 300 PPM, 350 PPM, 400 PPM, 450 PPM, and 500 PPM) and a maximum shift of absorbance at a wavelength of 433.39 nm, while TEM characterization have the structure is round.</jats:p

Quality of life for livable mixed use living

Abstract One of the typologies of mixed-use urban buildings is the shophouse. This kind of structure has long been one of the favorite dwellings of urban society. No wonder that development keeps continuing until today. Several previous studies indicate that shop house design is not always suitable for some livability criteria, such as the lack of open space, spatial, thermal, and audial comfort. Due to this ‘weakness’, this paper intends to explore aspects of quality of life in shop houses through literature studies. This study analyses secondary sources, namely scientific writings from academic journals and books. This exploration concludes that it is essential to focus the analysis on a subjective view of the quality of life-related to buildings’ quality. The relationship between the built environment and quality of life-based on residents’ living experience becomes the study’s framework. The review recommends phenomenology as the approach to investigate the correlation. This study is vital for architects to design more livable buildings from the viewpoint of building occupants so that the design is more acceptable and beneficial.</jats:p