Indoor environment propagation review

A survey of indoor propagation characteristics is presented, including different models for path loss, shadowing and fast fading mechanisms, different channel parameters including signal strength, power delay, coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread and angle of arrival. The concepts of MIMO channels are also covered. The study also explores many types of deterministic channel modelling, such as Finite Difference Time Domain, Finite Integration Method, Ray tracing and the Dominant path model. Electromagnetic properties of building materials, including frequency dependence, are also investigated and several models for propagation through buildings are reviewed

PIV study of the effect of piston position on the in-cylinder swirling flow during the scavenging process in large two-stroke marine diesel engines

A simplified model of a low speed large two-stroke marine diesel engine cylinder is developed. The effect of piston position on the in-cylinder swirling flow during the scavenging process is studied using the stereoscopic particle image velocimetry technique. The measurements are conducted at different cross-sectional planes along the cylinder length and at piston positions covering the air intake port by 0, 25, 50 and 75%. When the intake port is fully open, the tangential velocity profile is similar to a Burgers vortex, whereas the axial velocity has a wake-like profile. Due to internal wall friction, the swirl decays downstream, and the size of the vortex core increases. For increasing port closures, the tangential velocity profile changes from a Burgers vortex to a forced vortex, and the axial velocity changes correspondingly from a wake-like profile to a jet-like profile. For piston position with 75% intake port closure, the jet-like axial velocity profile at a cross-sectional plane close to the intake port changes back to a wake-like profile at the adjacent downstream cross-sectional plane. This is characteristic of a vortex breakdown. The non-dimensional velocity profiles show no significant variation with the variation in Reynolds numbe

How Can We Identify Hijacked Journals?

By developing research and academic centers, the number of performed research articles has also increased. On the other hand, publishing the results of these articles in scientific journals shall also grow. In the meantime, researchers are trying to publish the findings of their research in journals which have been approved by one or more International indices so that such findings can be seen. In order to enhance the academic standards of Universities, proper journal choice will be of interest to researchers, especially those that are indexed in websites such as Thomson Reuters. However, certain forgery frauds researchers by launching fake Web sites that have been named by academic journal titles. In this paper, we introduce an approach to identify this type of journals that will be applicable by researchers in various academic disciplines

Effect of different factors on regeneration and transformation efficiency of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) hybrids

The current study aimed to produce rootstock material through micropropagation by developing efficient regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for three high quality commercial tomato hybrids (Felina, Siena and Don Jose) to overexpress the GmGSTU4 gene from Glycine max L. previously shown to enhance antioxidant activity. We investigated the plant growth regulators zeatin (Z) and 3-idoleacetic acid (IAA) to determine their best combination for an efficient regeneration protocol for each hybrid. The highest regeneration efficiency was observed in Felina (94.4%) with 1.0 mg/l Z and 0.1 mg/l IAA. In contrast, Don Jose (92.5%) and Siena (83.3%) performed better with 0.5 mg/l Z and 0.1 mg/l IAA. The three hybrids did not differ in micropropagation index, however, Felina showed the highest number of in vitro rooted and in vivo acclimatized plants. Factors such as the age of explant, days in pre- and co-culture and the concentrations of acetosyringone and thiamine on Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation were assessed. The transformation indices were 37.04% for the Felina, 13.8% for Siena and 8.33% for Don Jose. We conclude that targeted genotype-specific regeneration protocols will provide an efficient and cost effective genetic transformation system for rootstock production and further incorporation into micropropagation and transgrafting systems.</p

Beyond the culture effect on credibility perception on microblogs

We investigated the credibility perception of tweet readers from the USA and by readers from eight Arabic countries; our aim was to understand if credibility was affected by country and/or by culture. Results from a crowd-sourcing experiment, showed a wide variety of factors affected credibility perception, including a tweet author&#039;s gender, profile image, username style, location, and social network overlap with the reader. We found that culture determines readers&#039; credibility perception, but country has no effect. We discuss the implications of our findings for user interface design and social media systems

Clinical Leadership in Jordanian Hospitals: The Clinicians' Perspective

The main aim of this study is to explore the nature of leadership in Jordanian hospitals. This study consists of four objectives; the first objective is to identify the extent to which clinicians perform their role of managing and leading Jordanian hospitals .The second objective for this study is to explore the source of power and authority being adopted in Jordanian hospitals. Then the third objective is to differentiate between doctors and other clinicians from nurses and AHPS in practicing leadership. While the fourth objective to explore the obstacles in developing CL in Jordanian hospitals. The methodology of a qualitative approach was adopted through analyzing the contents, thus, semi-structured interview was conducted with 38 participants from managers who have a clinical mission besides managerial and supervising ones. The study has found out that there is a lack of administrative qualifications for clinicians, and seems difficult to apply the transformational style in Jordanian hospitals due the fear of responsibility and bad distribution of power and authority among clinicians and doctors in particular. Furthermore, there is a lack cultural diversity and this weakens the provided medical services in matching globalization and international criteria. Communication channels in Jordanian hospitals are acceptable; because both technical and personal settings among clinicians are emerged. Unfortunately, there was no specific and clear agenda for both quality and ethical considerations .Doctors are dominated by the concept of bureaucracy and centralism. Accordingly, some obstacles have been revealed in Jordanian hospitals; doctors are the biggest obstacle because they are holding the whole power. Also, communication channels with other departments and among colleagues are weak. Furthermore, the clinical culture did not reach the creation of cultural system .This is due to the weak coordination among academic faculties and governmental departments to shape the meaningful concept of health care management and leadership. The researcher recommends that both quality and ethical considerations should be involved in more practical sense and doctors need to be trained to carry out the administrative responsibilities by involving nurses and AHPS to ensure the distribution of power and diversity. This study has added the academic contribution by presenting a new mass of knowledge, and considering clinical team members in Jordanian hospitals as a uniform by creating the comprehensiveness of work culture. Finally, the study proved that both experience and knowledge are additional authorities beside position, law and work that may enrich performance

Social media revenge: A typology of online consumer revenge

The main purpose of this study is to present a detailed typology of online revenge behaviors that identifies the differential factors affecting this behavior in terms of triggers, channels, and emotional outcomes across two countries: Jordan and Britain. Based on a qualitative approach from a sample of Jordanian and British customers who had previously committed acts of online revenge (N = 73), this study identified four main types of online avengers: materialistic, ego-defending, aggressive, and rebellious. The findings show that British consumers were motivated by core service malfunction failures and employee failures. In contrast, Jordanian consumers’ acts of revenge were triggered by wasta service failures and contract breach failures. Moreover, Jordanian consumers tended to employ more aggressive and sometimes illegal ways to get revenge, whereas British consumers often used social media platforms and review websites. The findings have implications for the prevalence of online consumer revenge acts and for extending theoretical understanding of why and how consumers employ the Internet for revenge after a service failure in addition to how to respond to each avenger

Prevalence of Psychological Stress and Associated Risk Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in Jordan: Cross-Sectional Study

Hypertension is considered one of the chronic illnesses that affect many individuals across the globe. It has been evident that stress is associated with hypertension. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of stress among hypertensive men as well as determine the risk factors causing psychological stress in Jordan. This study used a descriptive correlation cross-sectional design. The researchers recruited 200 patients with hypertension from six hospitals located in the central part of Jordan. Data was collected from the participants through self report questionnaire. The study results revealed that the total scores of perceived stress among the study participants ranged from 4 to 42 (M= 18.17; SD= 8.18). Almost half of the study participants (40%) perceived normal level of stress (0 ≤ total stress subscale ≤ 14). The findings showed that gender (t = -1.99, B = -2.90, p = 0.048), educational Level (t = -2.39, B = -2.39, p = 0.02), health Status (t = 3.08, B = 1.67, p = 0.002), and sleep (t =2.45, B = 3.22, p = 0.02) were the significant predictors of stress among Jordanian patients with hypertension. This study contributed to the existing body of knowledge and can be considered as a baseline for future researcher in the area of stress. The health care providers in various medical departments should make effort to provide optimal care for patients with hypertension that directed toward decreasing the level of stress

Different genes interact with particulate matter and tobacco smoke exposure in affecting lung function decline in the general population

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress related genes modify the effects of ambient air pollution or tobacco smoking on lung function decline. The impact of interactions might be substantial, but previous studies mostly focused on main effects of single genes. OBJECTIVES: We studied the interaction of both exposures with a broad set of oxidative-stress related candidate genes and pathways on lung function decline and contrasted interactions between exposures. METHODS: For 12679 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), FEV(1) over forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC), and mean forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of the FVC (FEF(25-75)) was regressed on interval exposure to particulate matter >10 microm in diameter (PM10) or packyears smoked (a), additive SNP effects (b), and interaction terms between (a) and (b) in 669 adults with GWAS data. Interaction p-values for 152 genes and 14 pathways were calculated by the adaptive rank truncation product (ARTP) method, and compared between exposures. Interaction effect sizes were contrasted for the strongest SNPs of nominally significant genes (p(interaction)>0.05). Replication was attempted for SNPs with MAF<10% in 3320 SAPALDIA participants without GWAS. RESULTS: On the SNP-level, rs2035268 in gene SNCA accelerated FEV(1)/FVC decline by 3.8% (p(interaction) = 2.5x10(-6)), and rs12190800 in PARK2 attenuated FEV1 decline by 95.1 ml p(interaction) = 9.7x10(-8)) over 11 years, while interacting with PM10. Genes and pathways nominally interacting with PM10 and packyears exposure differed substantially. Gene CRISP2 presented a significant interaction with PM10 (p(interaction) = 3.0x10(-4)) on FEV(1)/FVC decline. Pathway interactions were weak. Replications for the strongest SNPs in PARK2 and CRISP2 were not successful. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with a stratified response to increasing oxidative stress, different genes and pathways potentially mediate PM10 and tobac smoke effects on lung function decline. Ignoring environmental exposures would miss these patterns, but achieving sufficient sample size and comparability across study samples is challengin