Prevalence of diseases among sheep and goats in Edo State, Nigeria

Clinical records of small ruminant (Sheep and Goat) diseases treated were collected from the veterinary clinics, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of three Local Government areas in Edo state, for a period of five years (1997-2002). To identify the disease occurrence and prevalence as it militates against the growth of these animals in these sub- humid areas. The total numbers of small ruminants treated were 316 having 25 cases of Sheep and 291 cases of goats. Diarrhoea accounted for 20 & 12.4%; helminthiasis 20 & 13.4% and Pneumonia 16 & 20.3% for sheep and goat respectively. Pneumo-enteritis, mange, anorexia, wound and kata were common among goat while, pneumo-enteritis; helminthiasis and wound were among sheep. Goat diseases prevalence showed much occurrence of pneumonia, helminthiasis and diarrhoea. While, sheep was more of diarrhoea, helminthiasis and pneumonia respectively. The statistical analysis of the clinical treatment data using a three-factor analysis of variance revealed that animal type and disease were significant (

Seasonal distribution of major diseases among sheep and goats in selected sub humid areas in Nigeria

This study into the diseases responsible for the uneven distribution of goat and sheep in the sub humid areas in Nigeria as one of the major hinderances in sheep and goat production despite the potentiality of this region to sustain small ruminants. A survey of the types and causes of major diseases of small ruminants was carried out in Edo State of Nigeria which presents variants of climatic conditions that cut across the humid areas of Nigeria and Africa. The study covered a period of five years (1997‐2002) in three local government areas of the state. A total of 316 small ruminants’ cases of major diseases made up of 25 cases in sheep and 291 cases in goats were recorded. Pneumonia contacted by the ruminants was 17%, helminthosis was 10% and was 6% as the most predominated diseases that occurred during the wet seasons than the period of dry season. Mange was high during the dry seasons and seemed to be confined almost exclusively to goats. Statistical analysis using a three‐factor analysis of variance revealed that seasonal distribution of diseases was a significant factor (p<0.05), diseases and the type of the small ruminant that contacted the diseases were significant factor (p<0.05). Most of the major diseases were frequently contracted during the wet seasons. In the Humid areas, there is need to sensitize farmers about ruminants’ health care management programmes especially intensive feeding method during wet season and deworming during onset or immediately after the wet season against gastro intestinal parasites as well as the improvement of indigenous breed through semi intensive management system by the farmers.Key words: Diarrhoea related diseases, symptoms, seasons, sheep and goats, sub humid, veterinary records, Nigeri

Growth Response of Clarias Gariepinus Fingerlings To Different Dietary Protein Levels Of Toadmeal Inclusion

A ten-week nutritional study was carried out to evaluate the practical replacement of fishmeal with toad meal in different protein levels in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. One hundred and fifty (150) fingerlings with an average weight of 7.99 – 27.64g were stocked at the rate of ten (10) fish per experimental tank. The fingerlings were subjected to five different dietary feeds with varying levels of toad meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Each treatment was replicated. Feeding was done at 3% body weight per day and records of weekly weight increase were kept. The feed conversion ratio, weight gain, survival rate revealed that the control (0% toadmeal inclusion) and diet 5 (100% toadmeal inclusion) were best in growth performance, unlike the mixed fishmeal and toadmeal that showed adequate growth performance Water quality parameters of the experiment measured constantly were within the normal optimum requirements that had no negative effects on the experimental fish. Finally based on biological and financial evaluation of the feeding trials diet 5 (100%) was recommended as the most economical and practically acceptable for large-scale intensive fish culture. Key word: Toadmeal, Clarias gariepinus, diet, replacements, growth performance DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-6-07 Publication date:March 31st 202

Academic Staff Disposition To Promotion Criteria In Nigerian Universities

This study aimed at determining academic staff satisfaction with promotion criteria and what, in their view, should be included in the promotion criteria. A researcher-designed questionnaire was utilized for data collection from a sample size of 349 academic staff. Findings show that the majority of the academic staff were dissatisfied with the promotion practices. Academic staff were satisfied with promotion criteria that had to do with required number of publications but dissatisfied with those related to computer literacy and international publication requirements. An oral interview before promotion was advocated for inclusion into the promotion criteria by academic staff.  Evolving a more holistic criterion for promotion of academic staff was recommended

THE EFFECTS OF PALM OIL ON THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF Clarias gariepinus DURING TRANSPORTATION

ABSTRACT:The study on the rate of water quality deterioration, bacterial load, survival percentage and physical appearance of transported adult Clarias gariepinus was carried out using palm oil as water additive and anti-stress at different concentrations, 904mgL -1 ,1808 mgL -1 and 2712 mgL -1 and compared to salt at 0.4% over a six hour transportation period. The adult fish were transported in a container at 2kg /litre of water in an open van while the water samples were at zero, second, fourth and sixth hours of transportation. Water quality, physical appearance and the survival rate of the fish within the various treatments were assessed at the end of the transportation exercise. The pH of transport water containing oil at 904mgL -1 , 1808mgL -1 and 2712mgL -1 was maintained during the course of transportation in contrast to the treatment containing 0.4% salt and the control whose pH changed at the second hour of transportation but the dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, ammonium (NH 4 ), Nitrate (NO 3 ), Nitrite (NO 2 ) and chlorine (CI) of all the treatments followed the same trend while the bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) concentration of transport water containing 2712mgL -1 palm oil were maintained till the second hour before it changed at the fourth and sixth hours of transportation. The plate count agar (PCA) of all the treatments containing oil recorded more organisms than the treatment containing 0.4% salt and the control; but, the fish in all the treatments containing palm oil have an appearance not different from when freshly harvested in contrast to the control that had bruises and scars on the skin and the survival percentage of fish in all the treatments was between 95% -100%. It has been revealed that addition of palm oil at the varying concentrations kept the freshness of the fish during transportation thereby improving the market value of transported live catfish

Replacement of Fishmeal Using Poultry Offal Meal in Practical Feeds for Fry of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to test the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal by poultry offal in the diet for fry of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Four isonitrogenous rations containing replacement of 0 (control), 30%, 60%, or 90% fishmeal by poultry offal were fed to three replicate groups of C. gariepinus fingerlings (0.74 g). Growth performance and nutrient utilization of the fish were evaluated based on weight gain, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth ratio, gross efficiency of food conversion, and carcass analysis. The average weight gains of fingerlings fed the control (2.43 g) and 30% replacement diet (2.31 g) were higher than in fish fed the 60% (2.09 g) and 90% (2.0 g) replacement diets. The feed conversion ratio (1.48-1.62) was lowest in fish fed the control diet and highest in fish fed the 90% replacement diet. The specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and apparent net protein utilization significantly decreased (p<0.05) as the level of dietary poultry offal increased. It was concluded that replacement of up to 30% fishmeal by chicken offal meal enhances growth performance of C. gariepinus fry

Technological competencies and technostress as determinants of electronic resources utilisation among nigerian academic librarians

This research work examined the effects and constraints of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) in Nigerian Libraries: A case study of. Kenneth Dike Library and University of Lagos Library. The research design is a case study and data was gathered from randomly selected students over a period of one week. Out of a total of 200 questionnaires used,a total of 190-were returned out of which 164 were found useful. Frequency counts and simple percentage were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that the major effects of OPAC is that it allows users to search the library's collection from location outside the library walls: it provides users with timely access to library materials: it encourages cooperative collections development and resource sharing and power failure was also indicated as one of the numerous problems facing the utilization of OPAC in Nigeria Libraries. From the findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations were made

Use of electronic resources by distance students in Nigeria: the case of the national open university, Lagos and Ibadan study centers

This study assessed factors affecting use of electronic information resources by distance learning students using the National Open University, Lagos and lbadan Study centers as a case study. Survey method was used for the study. The sampling method adopted for the purpose of this study was the simple random sampling techniques. The sampled respondents were drawn from the total population of 12,500 students at the Lagos and lbadan study centers. However 2% of the population from each study centers was used as the sample size. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to elicit information from the respondents. A total of 250 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved, which is strictly administered to the students. Data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The study revealed the various factors militating against the use of electronic information resources by the distance learning students. The result showed that the extent of use of electronic information resources was very low, coupled with the low level of awareness among the students. The result also showed that majority of the electronic information resources were not also in the centers. Based on these findings, the study outlines different measures that should be put in place by government to address the unavailability of most of the electronic information resources in the two different study centers

The use of modern technology in controlling criminal activities in academic libraries: the case of Kenneth Dike Library and Obafemi Awolowo University Library

The study investigated the use of modem technology in controlling criminal activities in academic libraries. The study was driven by the desire to determine what precipitated crimes in the academic libraries, the types and nature of criminal activities perpetrated in the library by the patrons, to identify current modem technology used in reducing and addressing criminal activities in the libraries, to identify library materials more vulnerable to crimes and the challenges faced by the academic libraries in curbing crimes. A descriptive survey was utilised and questionnaires methods were the instrument for data collection. The questionnaires were administered to both Academic and Paraprofessional librarians of the University of Ibadan Kenneth Dike Library and Obafemi Awolowo University Library. A simple random technique was adopted. A total of Sixty (60) questionnaires were randomly distributed with each library given thirty (30). Data was presented and analyzed according to the research questions of the study using simple percentage and frequencies. Due to the prevalence of criminal activities in our academic libraries in the recent times, the study unraveled varying consequential modem technology that can be adopted in curbing criminal activities in our institutions. The study finally revealed that despite the efficacy of modern technology in preventing criminal activities in academic libraries, poor funding of the academic libraries as well as insensitivity of the library management towards the issue of crimes were the major challenges in curbing crimes. This might be due to the fact that modem technology in crime prevention is capital intensive and no special fund is provided for that in the budget of the library. Based on these, recommendations were made that library management should give proper attention to security issues; that there should be special funds for security issues in the library and special awareness , enlightenment and proper education should be provided for the users during orientation programme

Online public access catalogue [OPAC] in Nigerian libraries: a case study of the Kenneth Dike Library and university of lagos library

This research work examined the effects and constraints of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) in Nigerian Libraries: A case study of. Kenneth Dike Library and University of Lagos Library. The research design is a case study and data was gathered from randomly selected students over a period of one week. Out of a total of 200 questionnaires used,a total of 190-were returned out of which 164 were found useful. Frequency counts and simple percentage were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that the major effects of OPAC is that it allows users to search the library's collection from location outside the library walls: it provides users with timely access to library materials: it encourages cooperative collections development and resource sharing and power failure was also indicated as one of the numerous problems facing the utilization of OPAC in Nigeria Libraries. From the findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations were made